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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 88-98.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.0444cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.0444

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数据质量、数量与数据资产定价:基于消费者异质性视角

林娟娟1,2, 黄志刚1,2(), 唐勇1,2   

  1. 1.福州大学经济与管理学院,福建 福州 350116
    2.福建省金融科技创新重点实验室,福建 福州 350116
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-04 修回日期:2022-12-14 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 黄志刚 E-mail:hpopo@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(72273032);国家社会科学基金项目(21BJY033)

Data Quality, Quantity and Data Asset Pricing: Based on the Perspective of Consumer Heterogeneity

Juanjuan Lin1,2, Zhigang Huang1,2(), Yong Tang1,2   

  1. 1.School of Economics & Management,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China
    2.Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Finance and Technology Innovation,Fuzhou 350116,China
  • Received:2022-03-04 Revised:2022-12-14 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-04
  • Contact: Zhigang Huang E-mail:hpopo@163.com

摘要:

数据资产的定价是数据要素市场化配置的核心环节。文章首次提出涵盖数据质量、数量及其相互作用因素的数据资产综合得分的概念,构建了基于综合得分的效用函数,考虑了多维影响因素,从利润最大化视角,架构了适用于消费者具有异质性效用敏感度的多维度因素定价模型。以全国31个城市空气质量数据集资产为例,采用了KNN机器学习分类算法拟合效用函数,运用构建的模型进行模拟定价分析。结果表明:异质性消费者效用敏感度情形下,数据资产综合得分与定价均对数据平台利润具有差异化影响,构建的模型可以实现数据资产定价分析与数据平台的生产决策。文章构建的定价模型对数据平台所有交易的数据资产进行定价具有普适性,既是对数据资产定价理论、方法的创新性尝试和重要补充,同时也对激发数据要素的经济驱动力具有重要的现实意义。

关键词: 数据质量, 数据数量, 消费者异质性, 数据资产定价

Abstract:

The data resource is expected to be "combustion promoter" driving the construction of "Digital China". How to transform data resources into data assets, realize the market-oriented allocation of data assets and improve the efficiency of resource allocation is not only the need to realize the high-quality development of China's economy and the modernization of national governance capacity, but also an important embodiment of the spirit of a series of central meetings, which has important theoretical and practical significance.The concept of comprehensive score of data assets covering data quality, quantity and their interaction factors is put forward in this paper for the first time, then a utility function based on comprehensive score is constructed, multi-dimensional influencing factors are considered, and a multi-dimensional factor pricing model suitable for consumers with heterogeneous efficiency sensitivity is constructed from the perspective of profit maximization. Taking the air quality data set assets of 31 cities in China as an example, KNN machine learning classification algorithm is used to fit the utility function, and the constructed model is used for simulation pricing analysis. The results show that: (1) utility and utility sensitivity are the key factors of data production and data asset pricing, the division of consumer utility sensitivity heterogeneity has a key impact on the optimal pricing. (2) Considering the retention level and saturation level of consumer utility sensitivity, the comprehensive score covering the quality and quantity level of data assets has an important impact on the production and pricing decision of data platform. (3) For a given comprehensive score level of data assets, the profits of the data platform tend to rise first and then fall with the change of price. The optimal price can be solved through the profit maximization model to realize the pricing of data assets.The pricing model constructed in this paper is universal for the pricing of data assets of all transactions on the data platform. It is not only an innovative attempt and important supplement to the data asset pricing theory and method, but also has important practical significance for stimulating the economic driving force of data elements.

Key words: data quality, data quantity, consumer heterogeneity, data asset pricing

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