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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 156-167.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0283cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0283

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考虑港口拥堵和碳减排的航线配船优化模型与策略

胡少龙1,2, 王旭东3, 韩传峰4, 孟令鹏3()   

  1. 1.西南交通大学经济管理学院,四川 成都 610031
    2.服务科学与创新四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610031
    3.上海海事大学中国(上海)自贸区供应链研究院,上海 201306
    4.同济大学经济与管理学院,上海 200092
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-28 修回日期:2024-08-04 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 孟令鹏 E-mail:lpmeng@shmtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72474128);国家自然科学基金项目(71974122);国家自然科学基金项目(72471138)

Optimization Model and Strategies for Route and Fleet Allocation Considering Port Congestion and Carbon Emission Reduction

Shaolong Hu1,2, Xudong Wang3, Chuanfeng Han4, Lingpeng Meng3()   

  1. 1.School of Economics and Management,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Service Science and Innovation of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610031,China
    3.China Institute of FTZ Supply Chain,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China
    4.School of Economics and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China
  • Received:2024-02-28 Revised:2024-08-04 Online:2026-04-25 Published:2026-03-27
  • Contact: Lingpeng Meng E-mail:lpmeng@shmtu.edu.cn

摘要:

近年来,沿海港口服务能力与航运需求增长速度不匹配,港口拥堵的频繁发生极大地影响了航运企业的船队调度,导致船舶在港口集中停泊,对区域经济发展及生态环境产生较大影响。针对大规模港口拥堵及碳减排问题,本文统筹考虑船舶能源类型、不同港口及备用港口的拥堵情况等因素,以时间成本、运输成本、碳排放成本为优化目标,建立优化船舶路径和分配方案的变分不等式模型,并设计对角化算法求解。基于中国沿海航线实例设计航运网络进行数值分析,结果表明:(1)港口拥堵导致航运企业承担的等待时间成本增加,若换港决策产生的额外成本低于等待成本,航运企业倾向于将船舶分配到拥堵程度较低的备用港口;(2)船舶在港口拥堵期间会产生大量碳排放,当清洁燃料与传统燃料差价降低,或碳税税率上调时,航运企业倾向于选择清洁燃料作为船舶动力源;(3)船舶燃料单价与航运企业换港决策无显著关联。

关键词: 航运, 路径分配, 港口拥堵, 碳税, 变分不等式

Abstract:

In recent years, a discernible incongruence has emerged between the slowly improving service capacity of coastal ports and the escalating pace of maritime requisites. This asymmetry in growth has engendered a recurrent proliferation of port congestion, precipitously impacted the scheduling of maritime fleets and thereby culminated in the clustering of vessels within ports. The confluence of these ramifications has reverberated with profound repercussions upon both regional economies and environmental domains. In response to the entwined issues of port congestion and emissions reduction, a variation inequality model is proffered that optimizes ship routes and allocation strategies. Encompassing considerations of ship propulsion types, varying congestion degrees across distinct ports and alternative harbor options, this model crystallizes around the manifold facets of temporal costs, transport expenditures, and carbon emissions. An improved diagonalization algorithm is devised to solve this problem. Rooted in the context of China's coastal routes, the empirical investigation proffers some insights.As the standard diagonalization algorithm uses network allocation and scalar solutions to determine the iteration direction and step size, it saves 14.61% of the solution time on average to find the same optimal solutions for small-scale problems, compared to the projection algorithm. Furthermore, the improved diagonalization algorithm saves 28.36% of the time compared to the projection algorithm. More importantly, the improved diagonalization algorithm can find the optimal solution within 12,000 seconds for large-scale problems. Lastly, as port congestion intensifies, (1) Shipping enterprises grapple with escalating costs associated with waiting times and voyage schedule losses. (2) A predilection emerges within shipping entities to divert vessels towards alternative harbors. (3) Maritime enterprises gravitate towards more eco-friendly fuels when confronted with the convergence of lowered clean energy costs or elevated carbon taxation rates.

Key words: ocean transportation, route allocation, port congestion, carbon tax, variational inequality

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