生鲜冷链运输平台的物流外包模式选择研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国农产品产销地分布不均衡，加之冷链运输设备不足，网络覆盖面有限，一家冷链运输企业完成全程冷链运输面临现实困境。搭建冷链运输平台能够整合分散的运输资源，但是，随之带来前后半程运输保鲜协同的新问题。针对一个平台商和两个异质性承运商组成的冷链运输服务供应链，构建了分包模式和总包模式下的运输业务外包决策模型。在冷链全程保鲜水平一致的条件下，求解了最优保鲜水平、服务价格和外包价格。从保鲜水平和利润两个维度综合比较分析了两种外包模式下服务供应链的运作效率。结论表明，平台商将服务成本控制在一定范围，平台商和承运商将达成分包模式的一致选择，且分包模式下的保鲜水平和三方的利润均高于总包模式；采用分包模式，由于平台商能够动态地选择与托运人保鲜水平要求相对应的承运商，平台商与承运商不易结成战略联盟，存在效率损失，且收益共享和服务成本分担机制均不能有效提升分包模式的运作效率。特别地，当前半程承运商的保鲜水平高于后半程承运商时，分包模式下的保鲜水平甚至高于战略联盟。结论对于开展集成服务的冷链运输平台外包运输业务具有重要的决策参考价值。

关键词: 物流外包模式, 生鲜冷链, 物流平台, 保鲜水平

Abstract:

At present， the mismatch between supply and demand of cold chain transport is quite prominent in China. On the demand side， it is difficult for cargo owners to find cars， slow to find cars. Multi-stage transportation and non-standardized temperature control frequently cause a lot of food loss and waste. On the supply side， the distribution of agricultural products is not balanced， and the drivers are often caught in the shortage of goods and the high cost of empty driving. In the face of industry pain points， SF Express cold transport， etc.， actively explore and practice the platform operation mode by integrating dispersed social cold transport resources and provide customers with whole-process cold transport integration services. However， in actual operation， the cold transport enterprises of different sizes on the platform are limited by their own fresh-keeping capacity， and often can only complete half-way of the cold transportation. This specific freight market environment presents a new challenge for logistics platforms to choose logistics outsourcing modes.Different from　normal logistics outsourcing， the development of cold chain logistics in China is not long， the number of logistics enterprises that can undertake cold chain transport business is small and the core business is concentrated in trunk road transport， the fresh transport capacity is different. More prominently， the “first kilometer” transportation is mostly completed by local small and medium-sized logistics enterprises， the thermal insulation performance of the carriage is poor， and the temperature control technology is relatively backward. In such a realistic environment， it is contrary to objective facts for platform vendors to independently determine the freshness-keeping level and require carriers to achieve it. Therefore， a new strategic decision-making mechanism is proposed in which platform operators can influence the freshness-keeping decision-making of carriers through outsourcing price.

Key words: logistics outsourcing mode, fresh cold chain, logistics platform, freshness-keeping level

中图分类号:

F253.4

陈军,刘海龙,何心. 生鲜冷链运输平台的物流外包模式选择研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2026, 34(9): 248-257.

Jun Chen,Hailong Liu,Xin He. Optimal Logistics Outsourcing Mode Selection of Fresh Cold Chain Transport Platform[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(9): 248-257.

图/表 3

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