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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 50-60.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.2218

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金字塔股权结构与劳动收入份额

肖金利1, 李佳玲1, 高皓2(), 文凤华3   

  1. 1.厦门大学管理学院,福建 厦门 361005
    2.清华大学五道口金融学院,北京 100083
    3.中南大学商学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-28 修回日期:2024-04-05 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 高皓 E-mail:gaoh@pbcsf.tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(71902168);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJC630026)

Pyramid Structure and Labor Income Share

Jinli Xiao1, Jialing Li1, Hao Gao2(), Fenghua Wen3   

  1. 1.School of Management,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China
    2.Wudaokou School of Finance,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100083,China
    3.Business School,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China
  • Received:2023-12-28 Revised:2024-04-05 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-10
  • Contact: Hao Gao E-mail:gaoh@pbcsf.tsinghua.edu.cn

摘要:

现金流权与控制权的分离是金字塔股权结构的重要特征,反映了实际控制人获取收益和承担风险之间的不对称。本文利用2008-2020年沪深A股上市公司的数据,从劳动收入份额的视角出发,探讨金字塔股权结构下控股股东的决策行为。研究发现,金字塔层级越多,劳动收入份额越高。基于经营风险和经营收益两方面的机制检验证实了金字塔层级会导致经营收益和破产风险不匹配,驱动公司利用劳动收入份额的经营杠杆作用,最大化潜在经营收益。同时,本文还发现,金字塔层级有利于劳动力结构的升级,进而促进劳动收入份额的增加。进一步研究发现,当企业的外部治理和内部治理更好、企业所在地人力资本更充足以及最低工资标准水平更低时,金字塔层级对劳动收入份额的影响越明显。本文拓展了劳动收入份额影响因素的文献,也丰富了关于金字塔层级经济后果的研究结论,为深入理解劳动和资本的关系提供了新的证据。

关键词: 劳动收入份额, 金字塔层级, 两权分离

Abstract:

Pyramid ownership structure is common in China. The pyramid ownership structure has its uniqueness, which is manifested as the separation of cash flow rights and control rights. This separation distorts the decision-making motivation of the controlling shareholders under the pyramid ownership structure and guides them to make high-risk investment behaviors, which may include decisions about labor income share. Labor income share is an important part of a firm's operating decision, which can reflect the initial distribution status of labor factors within the firm. In the context of pursuing common prosperity, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to discuss the impact of pyramid ownership structure on labor income share and its potential mechanism. Based on the sample of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2020, the impact of pyramid ownership structure on the labor income share of enterprises is examined, the reasons for controlling shareholders to increase the labor income share from the perspectives of returns and risks are analyzed, and it is proposed that optimizing the labor structure is the main influencing mechanism. The benchmark regression results of this paper show that the more the pyramid levels are, the higher the labor income share of enterprises is, which verifies the main hypothesis of this paper. Secondly, the reliability of the results is examined by replacing the measurement methods of explanatory variables and explained variables, adding observable control variables, omitting unobservable variable analysis, propensity score matching and entropy balance matching, and instrumental variable method, and it is found that the regression results are robust. When external uncertainty is high or labor can create higher value and shareholders can obtain more retained earnings, the positive relationship between pyramid hierarchy and labor income share is more significant. Moreover, as the pyramid hierarchy increases, firms are able to achieve and upgrade the labor structure. Further studies show that the impact of pyramid hierarchy on labor income share is more obvious when firms have better external and internal governance, more adequate human capital and lower minimum wage standard. The literature on the influencing factors of labor income share is expanded, the research conclusions on the economic consequences of pyramid hierarchy are enriched, and new evidence for in-depth understanding of the relationship between labor and capital is provided.

Key words: labor income share, pyramid structure, separation of two rights

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