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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 156-165.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1252

• • 上一篇    

考虑电动车配置与路径优化的城市配送车队更新政策效应研究

高咏玲1(), 乔源1,2, 徐猛3   

  1. 1.中央财经大学商学院,北京 100081
    2.北京大学汇丰商学院,广东 深圳 518055
    3.北京交通大学系统科学学院,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-09 修回日期:2022-08-29 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 高咏玲 E-mail:gyl@cufe.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目(18BGL217);国家社会科学基金一般项目(24BGL115);国家自然科学基金项目(72091513);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(17YJC630027)

Effects Analyses of Delivery Fleet Renewal Policies Considering Electric Vehicle Deployment and Routing Optimization

Yongling Gao1(), Yuan Qiao1,2, Meng Xu3   

  1. 1.Business School,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China
    2.HSBC Business School,Peking University,Shenzhen 518055,China
    3.School of Systems Science,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China
  • Received:2022-06-09 Revised:2022-08-29 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-10
  • Contact: Yongling Gao E-mail:gyl@cufe.edu.cn

摘要:

推广电动汽车已成为城市配送车队绿色发展的重要途径。近年来,我国城市实施的新增和更新配送车辆政策包括:不限制其能源类型(简称“混合政策”)或限定电动车等新能源车(简称“电动政策”)。围绕这两类政策,本文分别建立了由燃油车和电动车组成的混合车队更新和路径优化模型,考虑燃油车限行和电动车续航里程等约束,分析两类政策下的社会福利,提出改进遗传算法求解优化模型,并将求解结果与利用Gurobi求解的结果对比分析。选取A公司的客户需求数据研究发现,与混合政策相比,电动政策能使车队中电动车占比持平或更高,往往能提高电动车总里程并导致车队总成本更高。当电动车(燃油车)运营成本下降(提高)时,电动车总里程能够增加。当电动车续航里程提高或燃油车限行增加时,电动车总里程不一定增加。与混合政策相比,若电动政策下电动车使用数量更多(更少),同时,生产电动车对环境的影响较小(较大)时,政府应推动实施电动政策。否则,政府不应该盲目实施电动政策。

关键词: 城市配送, 混合车队, 电动汽车, 车队规划, 更新政策

Abstract:

The promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) has become an important way for green development of urban delivery fleets. In recent years, some cities in China have implemented policies for delivery fleet expansion and renewal, which include without vehicle energy types restriction (referred to as “hybrid policy”) and designated new energy vehicles such as electric vehicles (referred to as “electric policy”). To study both policies, a hybrid fleet composed of fuel vehicles (FVs) and EVs is analyzed and mathematical programming models for fleet renewal and routing optimization are presented, which consider access restrictions for FVs and the driving range limitation for EVs. On this basis, the social welfare under the hybrid and electric policies is compared. An improved genetic algorithm to solve the proposed optimization models is designed. The solutions are compared with them solved by the Gurobi. Using the customer demand data of company A, it is found that in comparison to the hybrid policy, the electric policy can make the proportion of EVs in the fleet the same or higher, often increase the total EV mileage, and result in higher total fleet costs. When the operating cost of EVs (FVs) decreases (increases), the total mileage of EVs can rise. In the presence of the higher driving range of EVs or more access restrictions for FVs, the total mileage of EVs does not necessarily increase. The government should push for the electric policy if the used number of EVs under the electric policy is higher (lower) than that under the hybrid policy and the environmental impact of EV production is sufficiently small (large); Otherwise, the government should not implement the electric policy blindly.

Key words: city distribution, mixed fleet, electric vehicles, fleet planning, renewal policies

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