中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 229-240.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.1620cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.1620
收稿日期:
2021-08-17
修回日期:
2021-11-18
出版日期:
2024-05-25
发布日期:
2024-06-06
通讯作者:
冯锐
E-mail:fengrui0605@hotmail.com
基金资助:
Chen Shen1,Yaru Xin1,Nisha Jia2,Rui Feng3()
Received:
2021-08-17
Revised:
2021-11-18
Online:
2024-05-25
Published:
2024-06-06
Contact:
Rui Feng
E-mail:fengrui0605@hotmail.com
摘要:
中国对外直接投资(outward foreign direct investment,OFDI)在推动中国经济与世界经济的深度融合、形成国内国际双循环发展新格局中有着举足轻重的作用。本文基于中国2005-2017年30个省份的面板数据,运用非期望产出的两阶段Super-SBM网络DEA模型以及结合全局ML生产率指数测算了中国各省份的工业绿色全要素生产率、生产效率和治污效率,并从理论和实证上考察了中国OFDI对三大效率的影响。研究发现:OFDI对三大效率的影响均表现为稳健的U型非线性关系;从作用机制看,短期内,OFDI对三大效率的抑制作用主要由于规模效应所致,长期内,OFDI对三大效率的促进作用主要通过结构效应和技术效应实现;从异质性视角看,我国东部和西部地区OFDI与三大效率呈显著的U型关系,中部地区的OFDI作用不显著,“一带一路”沿线省份的OFDI产生的正向效应早于非沿线省份。
中图分类号:
申晨,辛雅儒,贾妮莎,冯锐. OFDI对工业绿色全要素生产率的影响机制[J]. 中国管理科学, 2024, 32(5): 229-240.
Chen Shen,Yaru Xin,Nisha Jia,Rui Feng. The Influence Mechanism of OFDI on Industrial Green Total Factor Productivity Based on the Two-Stage Super-SBM-Malmquist Exponential Module[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2024, 32(5): 229-240.
表2
变量设置及数据处理方法"
变量类型 | 变量名称 | 变量符号 | 单位 | 计算方法 | 平减指数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
被解释变量 | 综合效率 | gtfp | / | 效率测算 | / |
生产效率 | pe | / | 效率测算 | / | |
治污效率 | pce | / | 效率测算 | / | |
解释变量 | 对外直接投资 | ofdi | 万元 | 对外直接投资额取对数 | 固定资产投资价格指数 |
机制变量 | 规模变量 | gdp | 亿元 | 地区实际GDP取对数 | 地区GDP指数 |
结构变量 | isc | / | 地区清洁行业工业总产值/ 地区工业总产值 | / | |
技术变量 | tech | 件 | 地区专利申请受理数取对数 | / | |
控制变量 | 外商直接投资 | fdi | 万元 | 外商直接投资额取对数 | 固定资产投资价格指数 |
环境规制强度 | env | / | 排污费征收金额/规模以上工业企业数 | 全国居民消费价格指数 | |
工业化程度 | indus | / | 工业增加值/地区GDP | / | |
政府干预能力 | gov | / | 财政支出/地区GDP | / | |
基础设施水平 | infra | / | 公路总里程/年末总人口 | / | |
贸易开放水平 | open | / | 进出口之和/地区GDP | / | |
人力资本水平 | edu | / | 地区人均受教育程度 | / |
表3
变量的描述性统计"
变量 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
gtfp | 2.69 | 1.88 | 0.04 | 12.08 |
pe | 1.49 | 0.59 | 0.22 | 3.31 |
pce | 6.33 | 8.06 | 0.03 | 52.48 |
ofdi | 13.35 | 2.02 | 7.30 | 18.38 |
gdp | 8.94 | 0.92 | 6.30 | 10.77 |
isc | 0.37 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.69 |
tech | 9.72 | 1.59 | 5.38 | 13.15 |
fdi | 5.05 | 1.63 | -0.32 | 7.46 |
env | 8.00 | 7.35 | 1.63 | 60.05 |
indus gov | 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.55 |
0.22 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.63 | |
infra | 33.66 | 21.08 | 4.29 | 135.28 |
open | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 1.76 |
edu | 2.23 | 0.13 | 1.87 | 2.60 |
表4
OFDI对三大效率的基准检验"
变量 | 被解释变量:gtfp | 被解释变量:pe | 被解释变量:pce | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
ofdi | -0.3273*** | -1.1903** | 0.0348*** | -0.4679*** | -1.7885*** | -8.3849** |
(-3.1903) | (-2.3694) | (3.0705) | (-6.4861) | (-3.2221) | (-2.9220) | |
ofdi2 | 0.0369* | 0.0215*** | 0.2824** | |||
(1.9065) | (8.2106) | (2.6046) | ||||
fdi | 0.2543*** | 0.2529*** | 0.0277 | 0.0269 | 0.7491* | 0.7384** |
(5.3376) | (5.5655) | (0.8490) | (0.7381) | (1.9112) | (2.1818) | |
env | -0.0890*** | -0.0860*** | -0.0259*** | -0.0242*** | -0.4835*** | -0.4606*** |
(-7.2422) | (-7.9888) | (-19.2506) | (-11.9693) | (-5.8421) | (-6.1923) | |
indus | 0.0391 | 0.2570 | 1.0940*** | 1.2209*** | -5.0172 | -3.3519 |
(0.0396) | (0.2827) | (6.1696) | (5.2547) | (-0.8735) | (-0.6177) | |
gov | -6.9668** | -5.7568** | -3.5893*** | -2.8844*** | -28.6924* | -19.4437 |
(-2.8239) | (-2.2604) | (-4.6359) | (-3.3616) | (-1.8448) | (-1.3941) | |
infra | -0.0270* | -0.0124* | -0.0137*** | -0.0052* | -0.1168 | -0.0056 |
(-1.8194) | (-2.0657) | (-3.9326) | (-2.1670) | (-1.0844) | (-0.1390) | |
open | -1.2769** | -0.7235 | -0.3387** | -0.0164 | -2.1091 | 2.1202 |
(-2.6711) | (-1.2391) | (-2.9004) | (-0.1914) | (-0.7342) | (0.4372) | |
edu | 0.7075 | 0.2418 | 0.1543 | -0.1170 | 15.5721** | 12.0126** |
(0.4193) | (0.1396) | (0.7975) | (-0.2342) | (2.3742) | (2.2273) | |
地区固定效应 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
年份固定效应 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Within-R2 | 0.7172 | 0.7215 | 0.7543 | 0.7731 | 0.6212 | 0.6336 |
组别 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
观测值 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 |
表5
OFDI影响三大效率的作用机制检验"
变量 | 直接影响 | 三大效应 | 综合影响 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
综合效率 | 生产效率 | 治污效率 | 规模效应 | 结构效应 | 技术效应 | 综合效率 | 生产效率 | 治污效率 | |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
ofdi | -1.1903** | -0.4679*** | -8.3849** | 0.6464** | -0.0603*** | 0.2409* | -1.3754*** | -0.5107*** | -7.8757** |
(-2.3694) | (-6.4861) | (-2.9220) | (3.0463) | (-3.8905) | (2.0835) | (-3.4964) | (-11.1256) | (-2.8192) | |
ofdi2 | 0.0369* | 0.0215*** | 0.2824** | -0.0306*** | 0.0026*** | -0.0082 | 0.0595*** | 0.0255*** | 0.3168** |
(1.9065) | (8.2106) | (2.6046) | (-3.6248) | (3.9906) | (-1.7667) | (4.2603) | (19.4959) | (2.7966) | |
gdp | -0.8586* | -0.2711 | -2.5953* | ||||||
(-1.9032) | (-1.7042) | (-2.1032) | |||||||
gdp2 | 0.0476* | 0.0158* | 0.1297* | ||||||
(1.9342) | (1.8640) | (1.9099) | |||||||
isc | 2.8133*** | 1.6636*** | 26.1285*** | ||||||
(7.9337) | (11.1748) | (6.9377) | |||||||
tech | 0.6000*** | 0.1866*** | 1.8227*** | ||||||
(4.8500) | (7.6129) | (4.1151) | |||||||
控制变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
地区固定效应 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
年份固定效应 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Within-R2 | 0.7215 | 0.7731 | 0.6336 | 0.5747 | 0.3534 | 0.9229 | 0.6642 | 0.7742 | 0.5737 |
组别 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
观测值 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 |
表6
东、中、西部地区OFDI对三大效率的回归结果"
变量 | 东部地区 | 中部地区 | 西部地区 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
综合效率 | 生产效率 | 治污效率 | 综合效率 | 生产效率 | 治污效率 | 综合效率 | 生产效率 | 治污效率 | |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
ofdi | -1.6048*** | -0.5445* | -13.1833*** | -1.2722 | 0.2529 | -14.6432 | -0.5118 | -0.1285** | -7.1547* |
(-5.3961) | (-1.8749) | (-4.0281) | (-0.6993) | (0.9500) | (-1.2478) | (-1.3293) | (-2.4943) | (-2.1076) | |
ofdi2 | 0.0449** | 0.0211* | 0.5031*** | 0.0352 | -0.0095 | 0.6066 | 0.0315* | 0.0086*** | 0.3501** |
(4.47) | (1.9084) | (3.4259) | (0.4760) | (-0.9058) | (1.2116) | (2.0527) | (3.7601) | (2.3289) | |
控制变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
地区固定效应 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
年份固定效应 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Within-R2 | 0.8129 | 0.8687 | 0.6866 | 0.7590 | 0.9328 | 0.7257 | 0.7090 | 0.6436 | 0.6107 |
组别 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
观测值 | 143 | 143 | 143 | 104 | 104 | 104 | 143 | 143 | 143 |
表7
“一带一路”沿线地区OFDI对三大效率的回归结果"
变量 | “一带一路”沿线地区 | 非“一带一路”沿线地区 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
综合效率 | 生产效率 | 治污效率 | 综合效率 | 生产效率 | 治污效率 | |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
ofdi | -1.0889** | -0.2583*** | -6.0299** | -2.3225*** | -0.7166*** | -10.9252*** |
(-1.3220) | (-3.7721) | (-2.9006) | (-3.3665) | (-7.4015) | (-3.1082) | |
ofdi2 | 0.0544*** | 0.0128*** | 0.2012** | 0.0990*** | 0.0328*** | 0.4037** |
(0.6308) | (4.4505) | (2.7465) | (3.1896) | (7.4669) | (2.8590) | |
控制变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
地区固定效应 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
年份固定效应 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Within-R2 | 0.6625 | 0.6993 | 0.5859 | 0.8786 | 0.9197 | 0.7905 |
组别 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
观测值 | 221 | 221 | 221 | 169 | 169 | 169 |
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