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中国管理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 111-121.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2020.1798

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即时货运服务共享平台的价格策略选择研究

周永务1,关鑫鑫1,曹彬2,林晓刚3(),林强3   

  1. 1.华南理工大学工商管理学院,广东 广州 510641
    2.暨南大学管理学院,广东 广州 510632
    3.广东工业大学管理学院,广东 广州 510520
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-17 修回日期:2021-01-11 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 林晓刚 E-mail:xglin1010@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72001048);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2023A1515010857);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD19YGL12)

Pricing Strategy Selection for On-demand Freight Service Platforms

Yong-wu ZHOU1,Xin-xin GUAN1,Bin CAO2,Xiao-gang LIN3(),Qiang LIN3   

  1. 1.School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
    2.School of Business Administration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    3.School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510520, China
  • Received:2020-09-17 Revised:2021-01-11 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-24
  • Contact: Xiao-gang LIN E-mail:xglin1010@hotmail.com

摘要:

近年来提供即时货运服务的共享平台日益增长,但由于发展不成熟,如何选择合适的价格策略对此类平台提出了挑战。本文建立数学模型研究此类平台在实践中常用的两类定价策略:交易制与会员制,分别得出对应的最优决策并分析网络外部性对定价策略的影响,比较了两种策略下的最优利润与社会福利。研究发现:(1)会员制下的最优价格小于交易制下的最优服务价格;(2)网络外部性调控供需数量进而影响平台定价,使得会员制下的平台利润始终高于交易制下的利润;(3)相比于交易制收费模式,会员制下的需求方可获得较高的剩余,但损害了服务提供方的剩余。本文管理启示如下: 即时货运平台应在不同发展阶段采取不同的定价策略。刚起步的平台应更关注员工福利,此时选择交易制模式让渡部分平台利润能吸引更多服务提供方入驻,进而吸引需求方以拓展市场;当平台发展比较成熟时,应关注需求方利益,此时选择会员制模式可吸引更多用户加入平台,进而吸引服务提供方加入以推动利润的增长。

关键词: 共享经济, 即时货运服务共享平台, 价格策略, 网络外部性

Abstract:

In recent years, we have witnessed the tremendous growth of sharing economy. One of the most compelling examples of this economy is the on-demand freight services, such as HuoLaLa, GoGoVan, and Uber Freight, etc. Because providers can decide whether to join these platforms and offer services for customers, an appropriate pricing strategy is required to assure the number of providers to satisfy demands and thereby maximize profits. In real life, there are two common-seen pricing strategies adopted by on-demand freight service platforms: membership-based policy and transaction-based policy. This study aims to examine which pricing strategy should these platforms employ. To this end, an on-demand freight service platform whose objective is to maximize profit by determining customer prices is considered and two stylized models in the presence of network effect are built, which is the typical characteristic of on-demand freight service economy. the optimal prices, profits, consumer surplus, and labor welfare of the membership-based policy and transaction-based policy are characterized and compared. The main results suggest that (i) the optimal price of the membership-based policy is lower than that of the transaction-based policy. However, the optimal profit of the membership-based policy is higher than that of the transaction-based policy; (ii) compared with the transaction-based policy, customers become better-off but providers become worse-off if the platform adopts the membership-based policy. The results offer valuable implications for relevant practices. Specifically, through our analysis, on-demand freight service platforms should adopt different pricing strategies under different stages of development. For those platforms at the initial stage, they should adopt the transaction-based policy to improve labor welfare and thereby appeal to more providers to join the platforms, although the membership-based policy can help earn more profits. For those platforms at the developed stage, however, they should adopt the membership-based policy. This not only can help improve consumer surplus and thereby attract more customers but also increase the profits.

Key words: sharing economy, on-demand freight service platforms, pricing strategy, network effect

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