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中国管理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 281-289.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2749

• • 上一篇    

复杂工程项目群多项目合作与竞争网络形成机理研究

沈文欣1,翁羽佳1,郑弦2,唐文哲3()   

  1. 1.北京交通大学经济管理学院, 北京 100044
    2.中南财经政法大学金融学院, 湖北 武汉 430073
    3.清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室, 土木水利学院, 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-14 修回日期:2023-10-08 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2024-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 唐文哲 E-mail:twz@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助青年项目(72201027);国家自然科学基金资助面上项目(72171128);清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室资助项目(2022-KY-04)

Characteristics and Formation of Multi-Project Cooperation and Competition Networks in Complex Program

Wen-xin SHEN1,Yu-jia WENG1,Xian ZHENG2,Wen-zhe TANG3()   

  1. 1.School of Economic and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    2.School of Finance, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2022-07-14 Revised:2023-10-08 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2024-01-06
  • Contact: Wen-zhe TANG E-mail:twz@tsinghua.edu.cn

摘要:

探究复杂工程项目群多项目团队合作与竞争网络的形成机理,对提升大型复杂项目绩效具有重要意义。本研究基于社会网络理论、社会交换理论等理论,提出了影响多项目间合作与竞争网络形成的三类因素,包括内生结构、跨网络效应和项目属性。通过社会网络分析方法,对比了多项目合作与竞争网络的特征;运用指数随机图模型检验了所识别的影响因素对这两类网络形成的作用。研究结论如下:(1)复杂工程项目群多项目之间同时存在合作与竞争关系。其中,合作网络的密度和连接数都大约是竞争网络的2倍。(2)合作与竞争网络的形成影响因素既有相似之处,也有区别。项目团队合作与竞争网络存在自组织性,合作网络和竞争网络都表现出双向性,合作网络还表现出正向聚敛性,即项目间合作行为呈现出显著的集团化特征。(3)合作与竞争网络会相互促进对方的形成和发展。研究结论有利于加深管理者对多项目合作与竞争网络形成动因的理解,也有利于从网络角度制定更为全面和有效的资源分配策略,促进项目团队间的协同合作。

关键词: 项目群管理, 复杂工程, 竞合关系, 网络形成, 指数随机图模型

Abstract:

Exploring the formation mechanism of multi-project cooperation and competition networks in complex programs is critical to improving its performance. This study aims to understand the characteristics and formation of multi-project cooperation and competition networks in complex program from the network perspective. Based on social network theory and social exchange theory, this research identifies the effects of pure structural factors (i.e., Reciprocity, Popularity, and Transitive triad), attribute-based factors (i.e., geographic proximity, project size, and project duration), and covariate networks on forming cooperation and competition networks. The graphs of cooperation and competition networks are drawn and their network characteristics are analyzed and compared. Based on the data of 923 inter-project interface tasks collected from a large-scale construction program in China, the hypotheses are empirically tested by an exponential random graph model. The results are as follows: (1) Cooperative and competitive relationships coexist among multiple projects in complex programs. The density and connection number of the cooperation networks are about twice that of the competitive network; (2) There are similarities and differences in the factors influencing the formation of cooperative and competitive networks. Reciprocity has a positive effect on driving the formation of both kinds of networks, while cooperation networks also exhibit positive popularity; (3) Cooperation and competition networks can mutually contribute to the formation of each other. This research is not only helpful to deepen managers' understanding of the formation of the cooperation and competition network in multi-project settings, but also helps to formulate more comprehensive and effective resource allocation strategies from the network perspective, thereby promoting the collaboration between project teams.

Key words: program management, complex project, coopetition, network formation, ERGM

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