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中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 281-291.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2554cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2554

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能源价格有序放开对我国碳减排成本的影响研究:动态一般均衡分析

姜洪殿1,2,3,董康银4()   

  1. 1.北京理工大学能源与环境政策研究中心, 北京 100081
    2.北京理工大学管理学院, 北京 100081
    3.中国地质大学(北京)经济管理学院, 北京 100083
    4.对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-28 修回日期:2023-12-24 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-12
  • 通讯作者: 董康银 E-mail:dongkangyin@uibe.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(72204234);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72074022);自然资源部矿山生态效应与系统修复重点实验室开放基金课题(MEER-2022-06);教育部“春晖计划”合作科研项目(HZKY20220005);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2-9-2021-020)

The Effects of the Orderly Deregulation of Energy Prices on Carbon Abatement Cost in China: A Dynamic General Equilibrium Analysis

Hongdian Jiang1,2,3,Kangyin Dong4()   

  1. 1.Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
    2.School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
    3.School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    4.School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2022-11-28 Revised:2023-12-24 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-10-12
  • Contact: Kangyin Dong E-mail:dongkangyin@uibe.edu.cn

摘要:

碳定价是我国在2030年实现碳达峰和2060年实现碳中和的关键措施之一。然而,我国包括电力、天然气和成品油在内的能源价格仍受政府管制,这可能会影响碳定价政策的成本效益。为此,本研究将我国当前的能源定价机制引入一个可计算一般均衡模型,系统性探讨和分析了多种能源价格有序放开对我国碳边际减排成本(MAC)的综合影响。在此基础上,评估了不同情景下实现我国国家自主贡献目标和碳中和阶段性目标的总减排成本及成本节约效应。结果表明:①我国MAC对成品油价格放开最为敏感,无论是在改革初期阶段放开非重点用油部门的成品油价格,还是在深化阶段放开重点用油部门的成品油价格,均会使我国MAC下降较为明显,同时实现既定减排目标的成本节约效应也最为显著;②放开居民和农业用电价格,也会使我国MAC和总减排成本一定程度下降;③我国MAC对放开非居民或居民天然气价格不太敏感,但也会使我国MAC和减排成本轻微下降。结合我国当前主流碳交易政策,给出如下建议:首先,我国能源市场价格改革的路线图总体是优先放开非居民用气价格和非重点用油部门的成品油价格。若率先放开部分成品油价格,可较明显地调小碳市场总配额;若率先放开非居民用气价格,则无需对相应减排政策进行调整。其次,从长远看,能源市场价格改革将最终放开所有部门的电力、天然气和成品油价格。此时,若率先放开所有成品油价格管制,则可较为明显地调小碳市场总配额。若率先放开所有电力或天然气价格管制,则可适度调小碳市场总配额。另外,从行业角度,炼油行业宜考虑较为明显地降低炼油能力或转型升级,电力或天然气行业宜适度控制新增装机规模或适度降低产能。

关键词: 能源价格改革, 有序放开, 边际减排成本, 成本节约, CGE模型

Abstract:

Carbon pricing is one of the key measures for China to reach a carbon peak in 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality in 2060. However, price regulations relating to electricity, natural gas, and refined oil products in China may affect the cost-effectiveness of carbon pricing policies. Therefore, China’s existing energy pricing mechanism is introduced into a computable general equilibrium model, and the comprehensive effects of orderly deregulation of multiple energy prices on China’s marginal abatement cost (MAC) is explored. On this basis, the total abatement costs and cost-saving effects under different scenarios for China to achieve Nationally Determined Contribution target and phased target of carbon neutrality are evaluated. The results indicate that, first, China’s MAC is most sensitive to the deregulation of refined oil prices. Whether it is to liberalize refined oil prices for non-key oil-using sectors in the preliminary reform or to liberalize refined oil prices for key oil-using sectors in the in-depth reform, China’s MAC will demonstrate an obvious downward trend and the cost-saving effects to achieve the given abatement target will be the most significant. Second, the deregulation of electricity prices for households and agriculture sector will also reduce China’s MAC and total abatement costs to some extent. Third, although China’s MAC is insensitive to deregulate gas prices for non-households or households, it will also lead to a slight decline in MAC and total abatement costs. Finally, combined with the current mainstream carbon trading policies in China, the following suggestions are given: First, the overall roadmap for China’s energy market price reform may give priority to deregulating natural gas prices for non-household sectors and refined oil prices for non-key oil-using sectors. If the part of refined oil price is liberalized first, the total emission quota in the carbon market can obviously be reduced. If the natural gas price for non-household sectors is liberalized first, the corresponding abatement policies do not need to be adjusted. Second, in the long-run, the energy market price reform will eventually deregulate electricity, natural gas, and refined oil prices in all sectors. In this phase, if we fully liberalize refined oil prices first, it can continue to significantly reduce the total emission quota. If we fully deregulate electricity prices or natural gas prices first, the total emission quota can be both moderately reduced. Third, from an industry perspective, it would be appropriate for the oil refining industry to consider reducing oil refining capacity or transforming and upgrading, and for the power and natural gas industries to consider controlling the scale of new installed capacity or moderately reducing capacity.

Key words: energy price reforms, orderly deregulation, marginal abatement cost, cost-saving effect, CGE model

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