主管:中国科学院
主办:中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会
   中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院

中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 259-267.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2024cstr: 32146.14/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2024

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考虑居民动态决策的核应急撤离仿真研究

亓文辉1,2, 池宏1,2, 祁明亮1,2(), 张首昊1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京 100190
    2.中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-13 修回日期:2022-11-14 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 祁明亮 E-mail:mlqi@casisd.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72134004)

Simulation Study on Nuclear Emergency Evacuation Considering Residents' Dynamic Decision-making

Wenhui Qi1,2, Hong Chi1,2, Mingliang Qi1,2(), Shouhao Zhang1,2   

  1. 1.Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
    2.School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2022-09-13 Revised:2022-11-14 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-04
  • Contact: Mingliang Qi E-mail:mlqi@casisd.cn

摘要:

居民自主决策是制约核应急撤离效果的重要因素。居民制定决策时不仅会考虑当前信息,还会考虑未来信息的影响。因此,基于元胞传输模型,构建了考虑居民动态决策的核应急撤离仿真模型。本文模型中,根据居民的配合意愿制定撤离初始决策机制,基于当前烟羽扩散、路网交通、洗消站使用等信息和居民对未来烟羽扩散与路网交通情况变化的预判,考虑恐慌程度对决策的影响,综合制定洗消站更新决策机制与路径更新决策机制。最后,以海阳核电厂为例,基于周边居民的配合意愿与撤离准备时间分布数据,仿真研究两种烟羽扩散情景下预留给乘坐大巴车撤离居民的洗消资源比例以及居民配合意愿变化对最大撤离时间、最大累积危险程度、洗消站不均衡使用情况等撤离效果的影响。结果可为核事故应急管理工作提供依据。

关键词: 动态决策, 信息预判, 居民配合意愿, 元胞传输模型, 撤离仿真, 核应急管理

Abstract:

Emergency evacuation is an important component of nuclear accident emergency management. When making evacuation decisions, residents will consider not only the current information, but also the impact of future information. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evacuation process considering residents' dynamic independent decision-making.In this paper, based on the cell transmission model, a nuclear emergency evacuation simulation model considering residents' dynamic independent decision-making is constructed. In this model, the initial decision mechanism for evacuation is made according to residents' willingness to cooperate. Based on the information of plume diffusion, road network traffic and the use of decontamination stations that can be obtained by residents during evacuation, the changes of plume diffusion and road network traffic in the future can be predicted. Meanwhile, the impact of panic on residents' decision-making should also be considered. According to these, the evacuation route updating decision mechanism and decontamination station updating decision mechanism are constructed comprehensively.Taking Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant as an example, a field questionnaire survey is conducted to obtain the data of residents’ willingness to cooperate and evacuation preparation time distribution. Under the two evacuation scenarios, the impact of the proportion of resources reserved for residents evacuated by bus and residents' willingness to cooperate on evacuation effect (i.e., the maximum evacuation time, the maximum cumulative danger and the unbalanced use of decontamination stations) is simulated. The results can provide some basis for nuclear accident emergency management.

Key words: dynamic decision-making, forecasting information, residents’ willingness to cooperate, cell transmission model, evacuation simulation, nuclear emergency management

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