主管:中国科学院
主办:中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会
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中国管理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 37-45.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.1768

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“限地价、竞房价”的土地拍卖机制研究

蔡东,郭春香()   

  1. 四川大学商学院,四川 成都 610064
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-01 修回日期:2022-03-15 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 郭春香 E-mail:guochunxiang@scu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助面上项目(71871150);四川大学创新研究项目(2021CXC22)

Land Auction Mechanism ofLimiting Land Price and Competing Promised House Price

Dong CAI,Chun-xiang GUO()   

  1. Business School,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China
  • Received:2021-09-01 Revised:2022-03-15 Online:2023-11-15 Published:2023-12-05
  • Contact: Chun-xiang GUO E-mail:guochunxiang@scu.edu.cn

摘要:

在国家优化土地竞拍规则,稳地价、稳房价的政策目标下,提出了“限地价、竞房价”的土地拍卖机制。本文通过模型刻画了机制作用原理,得到了开发商的均衡投标策略,并与现有的第一价格密封拍卖机制做对比,得出了该机制对于调控房价有效性的条件。结果表明,若采用第一价格密封拍卖机制,引入了开发商对土地价格的竞争,土地成交价只取决于市场最高出价,得不到控制,从而造成房价居高不下;而采用“限地价、竞房价”的土地拍卖机制引入了对承诺房价的竞争,建设成本最低的开发商会以最低承诺房价赢得拍卖,拍卖单位可以设置合适的土地限价,有效地控制地价并降低房价。

关键词: 土地拍卖, 投标均衡, 限地价, 竞房价

Abstract:

China's housing price-to-income ratio reach a new high of 9.2 in 2020. High house prices have exacerbated the housing problem of residents, reduced the purchasing power and fertility of residents, distorted the allocation of social resources, and has become a thorny social problem, which has also attracted great attention of our country. As we all know, high land price is an important reason for high house prices. Therefore, optimizing land transfer rules is an important work at present. The existing land transfer often adopts the first-price sealed-bid auction, but this “the highest price gets” land auction mechanism often leads to a high transaction price. Although local governments actively innovate land auction rules, the effect is not ideal. Therefore, the land auction mechanism of “Limiting land price and competing promised house price” is put forward, and the conditions for the effectiveness of regulating house price are given.The most commonly used land auction mechanism is analyzed, i.e., the first-price sealed-bid auction mechanism, and the work of this mechanism causing high house prices is revealed. Secondly, the land auction mechanism of “Limiting land price and competing promised house price is put forward”. Finally, through the comparative analysis of the two mechanisms, the conditions for the effectiveness of the new land auction mechanism in regulating house prices are obtained.The results show that the first-price sealed-bid auction mechanism introduces the competition of bidders for land price, the bidder with the highest bid price wins, and the land transaction price completely depends on the highest bid price in the market, resulting in the high house price; On the other hand, when the land auction mechanism of “Limiting land price and competing promised house price” is adopted, the competition of bidders for the promised house price is introduced, and the bidder with the lowest construction cost will win the auction. The government can effectively control the land price and reduce the house price by setting appropriate price limits; At the same time, when this new mechanism is adopted, too low price limit is difficult to ensure that the government can obtain reasonable financial revenue. Too high price limit will make the mechanism unable to control land price and reduce house price. Therefore, the government should carefully determine the appropriate price limit.The function principle of the land access mechanism of the first price sealed auction is revealed, which leads to the high house price, and creatively puts forward the two-stage land auction mechanism of “Limiting land price and competing promised house price”, which has a high guiding role for the practice of land auction.

Key words: land auction, bidding equilibrium, limiting land price, competing promised house price

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