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中国管理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 71-79.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.0830

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面向差异化需求的多元养老服务模式分析

梅仪1,3,华晔2()   

  1. 1.浙江财经大学金融学院,浙江 杭州 310018
    2.浙江工业大学管理学院,浙江 杭州 310023
    3.浙江大学滨海产业技术研究院,天津 300000
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-26 修回日期:2021-05-25 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 华晔 E-mail:yehua@zjut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发项目(2017YFB1401201);浙江省自然科学基金资助青年项目(LQ23G020002);国家自然科学基金资助青年项目(C132022238);国家自然科学基金资助面上项目(72271215)

Analysis of Multiple Eldercare Model Based on Differentiated Needs of the Elderly

Yi MEI1,3,Ye HUA2()   

  1. 1.School of Finance, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China
    2.School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
    3.Binhai Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Tianjin 300000, China
  • Received:2021-04-26 Revised:2021-05-25 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-24
  • Contact: Ye HUA E-mail:yehua@zjut.edu.cn

摘要:

我国的社会化养老问题长期以来受到政府和社会各界的广泛关注,不同形式的社会化养老模式也在实践中不断涌现出来。由于我国幅员轮廓、不同地区间文化经济和人口结构等差异大,难以用一个简单的养老模式或者固定的模式组合来满足不同区域不同类别老年人的养老服务需求。在界定养老服务需求概念的基础上,运用扎根理论对不同类别老年人的多元养老模式选择进行体系化研究,构建了一个对接不同人群核心需求的多元养老模式体系。其中,社区居家养老模式可以保障非高收入老年人的基本需求,“时间银行”互助养老模式可以弥补空巢非高收入老年人的家庭缺位,医养结合机构养老模式可以满足长照高收入老年人的专业照护需求,旅居养老模式可以迎合自理高收入老年人的个性需求,持续照料退休社区模式可以涵盖自理高收入老年人的超值需求。实证分析采用2016年中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)的相关数据,验证了该多元养老模式体系对应的人群分类指标的合理性。研究为今后的养老服务建设提供方向性指导。

关键词: 分类需求, 差异化需求, 扎根理论, 养老模式

Abstract:

Diversified eldercare models need to be developed to meet the needs of different elderly people, as dictated by the huge differences within China's elderly population. The current research related to elderly care models is not closely combined with elderly care needs and cannot provide clear theoretical guidance for the target group positioning and value orientation of elderly care models. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the theory of elderly care needs to study diversified elderly care models in order to provide clear target positioning and value orientation for the future service construction of elderly care models.Based on defining the concept of elderly care needs, grounded theory is applied to systematize the selection of multiple models for categorized seniors and a multiple eldercare model system that dovetails with the core needs of different groups of people is constructed. Community-home-based eldercare model can guarantee the basic needs of the non-high-value elderly. The family shortage of the empty nest non-high-value elderly can be made up for by the "Time bank" mutual aid eldercare model. The professional care needs of the high-value elderly in need of long-term care can be met by the medical-institutional based eldercare model. The individual needs of the self-care high-value elderly can be catered to by the tourism endowment model. Empirical analysis is conducted using data related to the 2016 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) to verify the rationality of the population classification indexes corresponding to this multiple eldercare model system.Three main contributions are made by this paper. Firstly, a five-element eldercare model system that dovetails with the core needs of various categories of elderly is proposed, which provides an important reference for the future value realization path of each model. Secondly, multi-dimensional indicators are used to classify the elderly and clarify the connotation of high, medium and low-level needs of elderly services for different categories of elderly people. Thirdly, the characteristics of the population to which different eldercare models apply are analyzed using a combination of qualitative and empirical research methods, enriching the research related to the eldercare model.

Key words: elderly classification, differentiated needs, grounded theory, eldercare model

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