考虑服务流的产品服务供应链网络均衡模型

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2019.11.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 产品服务供应链在向客户制造高质量产品的同时，也提供了产品全生命周期的专业服务，服务的嵌入增加了供应链协调的复杂性。考虑产品服务的双重需求，在分析各主体的运作行为的基础上，构建了包括多个制造商和多个销售商的多主体供应链网络；运用变分不等式刻画了制造商层、销售服务集成商层和需求市场的最优运作行为及其达成均衡的条件；最后，通过修正投影算法对数值算例进行了仿真。研究结果表明：产品服务供应链网络中的产品与服务均衡流相互影响，其中，服务水平直接影响到了产品需求；降低产品的售价将有利于服务价格和效益的提升。研究结论进一步印证了在产品服务供应链网络中承载于产品的服务将逐渐成为价值创造的主体。

关键词: 产品服务供应链, 网络均衡, 服务水平, 变分不等式

Abstract: Service-oriented manufacturing, as a new advanced manufacturing model formed by the integration of manufacturing activities and service activities, is the mainstream direction of manufacturing transformation and upgrading. On account of service embedding and multi-agent participation, traditional supply chain operation mode is difficult to adapt to the requirements of service-oriented manufacturing, and it is urgent to reconstruct the supply chain network for service-oriented manufacturing. For the service-oriented manufacturing model of product and after-sales service integration, a product service supply chain network including manufacturers, sales service integrators and customers is constructed, and the logistics, service flow and information flow in the network are fully analyzed. There is a problem of equilibrium of interests among the various entities in the new product service supply chain network. Therefore, variation inequalities are used to describe the optimal operation behavior of manufacturers, sales service integrators and demand market and the conditions for achieving equilibrium. Finally, the numerical examples are simulated by the modified projection algorithm, and the equilibrium product flow and value flow in the product service supply chain network are obtained, as well as the equilibrium product price and service price. The results show that product service supply chain network is more complex and diversified than the traditional supply chain operation, which is manifested in the intimate combination of service and logistics, network node interaction and cross-level communication; the level of after-sales service provided by the after-sales service system directly affects the demand for products in the supply chain, while the sales volume of the products provided by the former market constitutes the potential demand for after-sales service in the aftermarket; customers' demand for services mainly comes from sales service integrators, some of which are provided by manufacturers. However, most of the services provided by manufacturers are core and professional services, and the service level is high, which is irreplaceable by sales service integrators.

Key words: product-service supply chain, network equilibrium, service level, variation inequality

中图分类号:

F274

彭永涛, 罗建强, 李丫丫. 考虑服务流的产品服务供应链网络均衡模型[J]. 中国管理科学, 2019, 27(11): 116-126.

PENG Yong-tao, LUO Jian-qiang, LI Ya-ya. A Product Service Supply Chain Network Equilibrium Model with Service Flow[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2019, 27(11): 116-126.

参考文献

[1] Lightfoot H, Baines T, Smart P. The servitization of manufacturing:A systematic literature review of interdependent trends[J]. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 2013, 33(11/12):1408-1434.
[2] 谢文明, 江志斌, 汪益新,等. 基于服务型制造的设备维护外包合同设计[J].系统管理学报, 2013, 22(3):289-294.
[3] Ellram L M, Tate W L, Billington C. Understanding and managing the services supply chain[J]. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2004, 40(3):17-32.
[4] Johnson M, Mena C. Supply chain management for servitised products:A multi-industry case study[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2008, 114(1):27-39.
[5] Maull R, Smart A, Liang L. A process model of product service supply chains[J]. Production Planning & Control, 2014, 25(13-14):1091-1106.
[6] Xia Y, Gilbert S M. Strategic interactions between channel structure and demand enhancing services[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007, 181(1):252-265.
[7] Li K, Mallik S, Chhajed D. Design of extended warranties in supply chains under additive demand[J]. Production & Operations Management, 2012, 21(4):730-746.
[8] Wu Chenghan. Price and service competition between new and remanufactured products in a two-echelon supply chain[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2012, 140(1):496-507.
[9] Chen Mengmiao, Hu Qiying, Wei Hang. Interaction of after-sales service provider and contract type in a supply chain[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2017, 193:514-527.
[10] Ali S M, Rahman M H, Tumpa T J, et al. Examining price and service competition among retailers in a supply chain under potential demand disruption[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2018, 40:40-47.
[11] 但斌,娄云,马崧萱,等. 服务促进销售的产品服务供应链定价与优化策略[J].管理评论,2017,29(1):113-124.
[12] 冯庆华, 陈菊红, 刘通. 产品服务化供应链核心企业的服务模式决策研究[J].运筹与管理, 2017, 26(1):190-199.
[13] Eloranta V, Turunen T. Platforms in service-driven manufacturing:Leveraging complexity by connecting, sharing, and integrating[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2015, 55:178-186.
[14] Rezapour S, Allen J K, Mistree F. Reliable flow in stochastic supply networks servicing pre-and after-sales markets[J]. AI EDAM, 2017, 31(2):120-142.
[15] 王康周, 江志斌, 林文进,等. 服务型制造混合供应链管理研究[J].软科学, 2013, 27(5):93-95.
[16] Nagurney A, Dong J, Zhang D. A supply chain network equilibrium model[J]. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review, 2002, 38(5):281-303.
[17] 滕春贤, 陈兆波, 周艳山. 具有服务水平的差异产品供应链网络均衡模型研究[J].运筹与管理, 2009, 18(5):133-139.
[18] 杨玉香, 吴增源, 黄祖庆. 考虑技术投资的供应链网络下可交易污染排放许可均衡问题[J].中国管理科学, 2016, 24(4):74-82.
[19] 张桂涛, 孙浩, 胡劲松. 考虑库存能力约束的多期闭环供应链网络均衡[J].管理工程学报, 2017,(1):176-184.
[20] 张桂涛,曲箫宇,戴更新,等. 考虑再制造设计水平的多期闭环供应链网络均衡[J].中国管理科学,2018,26(8):54-66.
[21] Daultani Y, Kumar S, Vaidya O S, et al. A supply chain network equilibrium model for operational and opportunism risk mitigation[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2015, 53(18):5685-5715.
[22] 陈兆波, 滕春贤, 姚锋敏. 考虑服务水平的供应链网络动态模型研究[J].管理工程学报, 2011, 25(1):121-127.
[23] 徐明姣, 周岩. 零售商长期后悔规避的供应链网络动态均衡[J]. 中国管理科学, 2018,26(5):109-117.