不同再制造模式下的供应链区块链采纳策略研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1725

Abstract

Abstract:

In practice， although remanufactured products compete with new products， well-known Original Equipment Manufacturers （OEMs） typically engage in remanufacturing operations with Third - Party Remanufacturers （TPRs） through two cooperation models： outsourcing and authorization due to considerations of brand image， intellectual property， and distribution channels. The two models exhibit substantial differences in pricing authority and profit allocation， making the selection of remanufacturing modes strategically critical. Concurrently， consumer ambiguity regarding the quality attributes of remanufactured products has heightened interest in blockchain technology. Some OEMs employ blockchain systems to provide TPRs with certification services that enhance consumer trust. However， persistent biases against remanufactured products and blockchain implementation costs not only undermine TPRs’ motivations for blockchain adoption but also amplify the complexity of operational mode selection for both parties， thereby diminishing blockchain’s potential value. Existing research rarely integrates the analysis of cooperative models in remanufacturing supply chains with blockchain adoption strategies.Game theory integrated with decision optimization approaches and computer simulation methods are employed to systematically investigate blockchain adoption strategies between OEMs and TPRs under different remanufacturing modes. First， based on blockchain’s role in enhancing consumer trust， inverse demand functions are derived for new and remanufactured products with/without blockchain hrough consumer utility analysis combined with the critical payment threshold approach. Second， considering factors including end-of-life product collection costs， remanufacturing cost savings， and blockchain implementation expenses， four decision models are constructed and solved corresponding to different operational modes and blockchain strategies： outsourcing without blockchain （ON）， outsourcing with blockchain （OB）， authorization without blockchain （AN）， and authorization with blockchain （AB）. Third， by analyzing the equilibrium solutions， blockchain’s impacts on remanufactured product pricing， market demand， and economic profits are examined， revealing distinct blockchain adoption motivations under outsourcing versus authorization modes. The preference mechanisms for cooperative modes are further elucidated through dual perspectives of economic benefits and blockchain value creation. Finally， extended investigations evaluate supply chain performance and mode selection under hybrid blockchain strategies.The research findings reveal that under both outsourcing and authorization modes， blockchain adoption facilitates a “win-win” scenario by increasing remanufactured product quantities when unit blockchain costs remain below a critical threshold. However， the increase in unit blockchain costs may transform it into either a “conflict-of-interest” trigger or even a “lose-lose” proposition. From an economic profit perspective， OEMs consistently prefer outsourcing regardless of blockchain adoption status. Yet regarding blockchain’s economic value creation， OEMs may favor authorization mode only when blockchain costs are relatively high. For TPRs， remanufacturing mode preferences depend on four critical parameters： remanufactured product valuation discounts， blockchain-driven trust enhancement， unit blockchain costs， and end-of-life product recovery cost coefficients. Hybrid blockchain strategies demonstrate dual advantages in boosting remanufactured product demand while reducing blockchain-associated pricing premiums. Such strategies are mutually preferred by both OEMs and TPRs unless confronted with exceptionally high recovery cost coefficients. Theoretical and managerial implications for optimizing remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain operations are provided while enhancing synergistic value creation across economic and environmental dimensions. It is also conducive to the promotion of blockchain technology under complex conditions， and provides a reference path for the digital and green transformation of manufacturing enterprises.

Key words: remanufacturing supply chain, production competition, remanufacturing mode selection, blockchain adoption

CLC Number:

F270.5

Peng Gao,Jiajia Nie,Yumei Lu, et al. Research on the Blockchain Adoption Strategy of Supply Chain under Different Remanufacturing Modes[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(10): 287-300.

Figures/Tables 11

参数和变量	说明	参数和变量	说明
$p n, p r$	新产品、再制品的价格	$c n, c r, c$	新产品单位成本,再制品单位成本,再制造单位节约成本
$q n, q r$	新产品、再制品（废旧品）数量	$k$	废旧品回收成本系数
$w$	外包模式下OEM支付给TPR的单位外包费用	$b$	TPR承担的单位区块链成本
$v$	消费者对新产品的质量估值，服从[0,1]上的均匀分布	$b x$	各单位区块链成本阈值， $x$ 为 $1, 11$ 中的整数
$θ$	消费者对再制品的估值折扣, $0 < θ < 1$	$π j i$	i决策模式下供应链成员j的利润, $i ∈ O N, O B, A N, A B, O M B, A M B$ , $j ∈ M, R$
$β$	无区块链时消费者对再制品质量的信任度， $0 < β < 1$	$Δ v j i$	i再制造模式下TPR采纳区块链对成员j的经济价值, $Δ v j i = π j i B - π j i N$ , $i ∈ O, A$ , $j ∈ M, R$
$U j i$	i状态下消费者购买产品j的净效用, $i ∈ N, B$ , $j ∈ n, r$

模式	$q n i *$	$q r i *$	$p n i *$	$p r i *$	$w i *$	$f i *$	$π M i *$	$π R i *$
↑参数k
ON	↑	↓	—	↑	↑	/	↓	↓↑ $k > β θ (1 - β θ)$ 时 $k < β θ (1 - β θ)$ 时
OB	↑	↓	—	↑	↑	/	↓	↓ $k > θ 1 - θ$ 时 $k < θ 1 - θ$ 时
AN	↑	↓	—	↑	/	—	↓	↑↓
AB			—		/	—
↑参数 $β$
ON	↑	↑	—	↑	↑	/	↑	↑
OB	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
AN	↓	↑	—	↑	/	↑	↑	↑
AB	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

b阈值		b₁	b₂
$w *$	$w O N * < w O B *$
$p r *$	$p r O N * < p r O B *$
$q r *$	$q r O N * < q r O B *$	$q r O N * > q r O B *$
$p n *$	$p n O N * = p n O B *$
$q n *$	$q n O N * > q n O B *$		$q n O N * < q n O B *$

b阈值		b₃	b₄	b₅
$f *$	$f A N * < f A B *$			$f A N * > f A B *$
$p r *$	$p r A N * < p r A B *$
$q r *$	$q r A N * < q r A B *$	$q r A N * > q r A B *$
$p n *$	$p n A N * = p n A B *$
$q n *$	$q n A N * > q n A B *$		$q n A N * < q n A B *$
b阈值		b₃	b₅	b₄
$f *$	$f A N * < f A B *$		$f A N * > f A B *$
$p r *$	$p r A N * < p r A B *$
$q r *$	$q r A N * < q r A B *$	$q r A N * > q r A B *$
$p n *$	$p n A N * = p n A B *$
$q n *$	$q n A N * > q n A B *$			$q n A N * < q n A B *$
b阈值		b₅	b₃	b₄
$f *$	$f A N * < f A B *$	$f A N * > f A B *$
$p r *$	$p r A N * < p r A B *$
$q r *$	$q r A N * < q r A B *$		$q r A N * > q r A B *$
$p n *$	$p n A N * = p n A B *$
$q n *$	$q n A N * > q n A B *$			$q n A N * < q n A B *$

M （OEM）

R （TPR）

O （外包）

θ c - b 2 f m 1 - β 2 θ 2 c 2 f m 2 4 f m 1 f m 2

k θ c - b 2 f m 1 2 - β 2 θ 2 c 2 f m 2 2 8 f m 1 2 f m 2 2

A（授权）

θ c - b 2 f m 3 - β 2 θ 2 c 2 f m 4 4 f m 3 f m 4

θ c - b 2 f m 3 2 k + 2 θ - β 2 θ 2 c 2 f m 4 2 k + 2 β θ 8 f m 3 2 f m 4 2

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Research on the Blockchain Adoption Strategy of Supply Chain under Different Remanufacturing Modes

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References 38

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