Chinese Journal of Management Science ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 46-58.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.2226
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Cheng Xiang1(
), Xueqian Peng1, Lixuan Feng2
Received:2024-12-07
Revised:2025-05-05
Online:2026-11-25
Published:2026-11-10
Contact:
Cheng Xiang
E-mail:xiangcheng@cqu.edu.cn
CLC Number:
Cheng Xiang,Xueqian Peng,Lixuan Feng. Does the Registration-Based IPO Reform Suppress or Facilitate the Earnings Deterioration of IPO Companies?[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(11): 46-58.
"
| 变量 | 定义 |
|---|---|
| ΔIndROAi (%) | 公司上市后一年经同行业上市公司ROA中位数调整后的ROA,减去其上市前一年经行业中位数调整后的ROA |
| Treatedi | 虚拟变量,对创业板IPO公司取值为1,否则取值为0 |
| Posti | 虚拟变量,对2020年4月27日前IPO的公司取0,对此后IPO的公司取1 |
| SaleTop5i | 公司上市前一年来自前五大客户的收入占总收入的比值 |
| Growthi | 公司上市前两年营业收入增长率的平均值 |
| Sizei | 公司上市前一年年末总资产的自然对数 |
| Levi | 公司上市前一年年末的资产负债率 |
| Agei | 公司成立至IPO上市所间隔的年数 |
| BMi | 公司上市当年年末股东权益的账面价值与市场价值之比 |
| CFi | 公司上市前一年经营活动现金流量净额与期初资产总额的比值 |
| SOEi | 虚拟变量,国有企业取值为1,否则取值为0 |
| UWi | 代表承销商声誉的虚拟变量。若公司IPO时的承销商为当年按收入排名前十的证券公司,该变量取值为1,否则取值为0 |
| Auditi | 代表审计质量的虚拟变量。若公司IPO时由当年按收入排名前十的会计师事务所审计,该变量取值为1,否则取值为0 |
| TopSharei | 公司上市前一年年末高管团队的持股比例 |
| Top1i | 公司上市前一年年末第一大股东的持股比例 |
| Duali | 虚拟变量,若上市前一年公司的董事长同时担任总经理,该变量取值为1,否则取值为0 |
| BordSizei | 公司上市前一年的董事会人数 |
"
| 变量 | 观测数 | 均值 | 中位数 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A:描述性统计 | ||||||||
| ΔROAi (%) | 1358 | -8.991 | -7.389 | 8.505 | -49.871 | 15.247 | ||
| ΔIndROAi (%) | 1358 | -8.496 | -6.923 | 9.469 | -152.183 | 32.789 | ||
| Treatedi | 1358 | 0.481 | 0 | 0.500 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Posti | 1358 | 0.551 | 1 | 0.498 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Treatedi×Posti | 1358 | 0.279 | 0 | 0.449 | 0 | 1 | ||
| SaleTop5i | 1358 | 0.428 | 0.387 | 0.255 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Growthi | 1358 | 0.196 | 0.151 | 0.217 | -0.202 | 1.759 | ||
| Sizei | 1358 | 20.812 | 20.628 | 0.909 | 19.251 | 25.967 | ||
| Levi | 1358 | 0.393 | 0.393 | 0.160 | 0.0710 | 0.782 | ||
| Agei | 1358 | 16.20 | 16 | 5.851 | 4 | 61 | ||
| BMi | 1358 | 0.275 | 0.262 | 0.126 | 0.058 | 0.770 | ||
| CFi | 1358 | 0.146 | 0.133 | 0.114 | -0.435 | 0.822 | ||
| SOEi | 1358 | 0.091 | 0 | 0.287 | 0 | 1 | ||
| TopSharei | 1358 | 0.313 | 0.333 | 0.237 | 0 | 0.836 | ||
| Top1i | 1358 | 0.378 | 0.361 | 0.147 | 0.106 | 0.847 | ||
| Duali | 1358 | 0.509 | 1 | 0.500 | 0 | 1 | ||
| BordSizei | 1358 | 7.655 | 8 | 2.117 | 0 | 14 | ||
| UWi | 1358 | 0.457 | 0 | 0.498 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Auditi | 1358 | 0.702 | 1 | 0.458 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Panel B:核准制与注册制IPO公司“业绩变脸”指标对比 | ||||||||
| 核准制IPO公司 | 注册制IPO公司 | 核准制 减 注册制 | ||||||
| 观测数 | 均值 | 中位数 | 观测数 | 均值 | 中位数 | 均值差异 | 中位数差异 | |
| ΔROAi (%) | 979 | -7.924 | -6.616 | 379 | -11.747 | -9.352 | 3.823*** | 2.736*** |
| ΔIndROAi (%) | 979 | -7.722 | -6.606 | 379 | -10.495 | -7.690 | 2.772*** | 1.084*** |
"
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔIndROAi | ΔIndEBITi | DROAi | ΔIndROAi | ΔIndROAi | |
| Treatedi | 0.213 | 0.037 | 0.077 | 0.319 | 0.313 |
| (0.40) | (0.76) | (0.65) | (0.64) | (0.62) | |
| Posti | -0.227 | 0.133** | -0.297* | -1.228* | -1.233* |
| (-0.28) | (2.07) | (-1.74) | (-1.78) | (-1.78) | |
| Treatedi×Posti | -2.422** | -0.184*** | 0.425** | -2.687** | -2.628** |
| (-2.44) | (-7.43) | (2.39) | (-2.49) | (-2.36) | |
| COVID1i | -0.318* | ||||
| (-1.91) | |||||
| COVID2i | 0.253 | ||||
| (0.09) | |||||
| 控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 行业/年度固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整R2 | 0.502 | 0.754 | 0.199 | 0.476 | 0.475 |
| 样本量 | 1358 | 1358 | 1358 | 1358 | 1358 |
"
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AccrualEMi | ΔIndROAi | RealEMi | ΔIndROAi | InvRatioi | ΔIndROAi | |
| Treatedi | -0.007 | -0.079** | -0.011 | |||
| (-0.67) | (-2.03) | (-0.52) | ||||
| Posti | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.005 | |||
| (0.05) | (0.02) | (0.15) | ||||
| Treatedi×Posti | -0.025* | 0.129** | -0.074*** | |||
| (-1.69) | (2.51) | (-2.92) | ||||
| AccrualEMi | -6.080 | |||||
| (-1.28) | ||||||
| RealEMi | -2.010*** | |||||
| (-2.84) | ||||||
| InvRatioi | 1.630** | |||||
| (2.33) | ||||||
| 控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 行业/年度固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整R2 | 0.392 | 0.351 | 0.602 | 0.352 | 0.173 | 0.382 |
| 样本量 | 1210 | 1210 | 1210 | 1210 | 1343 | 1343 |
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