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Chinese Journal of Management Science ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 47-62.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0896

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Can Interaction and Dissemination of Mixed-Frequency Information in Companies' Multi-Layer Relationship Networks Improve Asset Pricing? Asset Pricing Study Based on Graph Neural Networks

Zezhou Wang1, Qifa Xu1,2(), Cuixia Jiang1   

  1. 1.School of Management,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-making,Ministry of Education,Hefei 230009,China
  • Received:2024-06-04 Revised:2024-10-19 Online:2026-04-25 Published:2026-03-27
  • Contact: Qifa Xu E-mail:xuqifa1975@163.com

Abstract:

The interconnections among listed companies are intricate and constitute multi-layer relationship networks. The contemporary interaction and intertemporal dissemination of mixed-frequency information in multi-layer relationship networks will impact asset prices and returns. To this end, supply chain, equity, and industry networks among listed companies are established. Then low-frequency company characteristic information, low-frequency macroeconomic information, as well as high-frequency market, trade, and sentiment information are integrated as network node features. As a result, a novel MF-IAMGCN model is constructed to investigate how mixed-frequency information interaction and dissemination in multi-layer networks predict asset prices. In the spatial dimension, the mixed data sampling (MIDAS) method is incorporated into the attention multi-layer graph convolutional network (AMGCN) framework. The MF-IAMGCN model can capture the contemporary interaction of mixed-frequency information in multi-layer networks, including high-order dependencies and nonlinear relationships between nodes. In the temporal dimension, the MF-IAMGCN model leverages the gate mechanism to capture the intertemporal information dissemination between nodes in consecutive time steps. All listed companies in the Chinese A-share market from January 2003 to December 2022 are choosed and the proposed MF-IAMGCN model’s pricing power from individual stock pricing, test asset pricing, and portfolio performance is examined. The empirical results show that: (1) The pricing performance of the MF-IAMGCN model outperforms four competitive models on both individual stock and test asset levels. (2) The portfolios constructed by the MF-IAMGCN model achieve optimal risk-adjusted performance in terms of high returns and low volatility. (3) The mixed-frequency data processing module, network information contemporary interaction module, and network information intertemporal dissemination module within the MF-IAMGCN model jointly learn dynamic dissemination patterns of pricing information. The mixed-frequency data processing module contributes greatly to improving pricing performance by exploiting high-frequency pricing information. (4) Equity networks contain information about capital activities (such as strategic investments, mergers and acquisitions, insider trading, and “backdoor listings”), significantly reducing pricing errors of ST stocks and playing a vital role in asset pricing.

Key words: asset pricing, multi-layer relationship networks, contemporary interaction, intertemporal dissemination, graph attention network, mixed data sampling

CLC Number: