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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 153-165.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1091cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1091

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面向梯级船闸通航拥堵的船舶过坝协同策略研究

高攀, 许泽傲, 张雪莹, 赵旭()   

  1. 三峡大学经济与管理学院,湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-01 修回日期:2024-12-25 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-04-21
  • 通讯作者: 赵旭 E-mail:zhaoxu@ctgu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(72271142);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T2022006);湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(24D051)

Research on Cooperative Strategy of Ship Crossing Dam for Traffic Congestion of Cascade Lock

Pan Gao, Zeao Xu, Xueying Zhang, Xu Zhao()   

  1. College of Economics and Management,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,443002,China
  • Received:2024-07-01 Revised:2024-12-25 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-04-21
  • Contact: Xu Zhao E-mail:zhaoxu@ctgu.edu.cn

摘要:

针对梯级船闸瓶颈效应引发的船舶通航拥堵问题,引入拥堵收费与差异化翻坝补贴机制,以提升航运效率。首先,根据船舶在一个周期内的过闸动态,及其连过两闸的理想时间间隔差异,建立了无收费时的双瓶颈模型,得出不同情形下的系统总成本;然后,通过建立最优收费均衡模型,将拥堵费用作为翻坝补贴,提出了“过闸+翻坝”的双线联动机制,以实现通航船舶过坝协同。研究结果表明:收费管理可有效降低船舶通航的社会成本,并缓解坝前拥堵问题,且翻坝补贴可有效促进过坝方式转移;通航管理者可在上下行船舶不均衡时调节下游瓶颈的通过能力,以避免船舶在梯级船闸间积压,从而有效利用翻坝运力。同时,赋予较大吨级船舶更高的过闸优先级,能充分发挥翻坝系统的功能,增加船舶过坝总量。

关键词: 水路运输, 船舶管理, 串联瓶颈, 拥挤收费, 翻坝补贴

Abstract:

Aiming at the vessel navigation congestion problem caused by the bottleneck effect of stepped locks, congestion charging and differential dam-over subsidy mechanism are introduced to enhance the shipping efficiency. Firstly, based on the dynamics of ships crossing the locks in a cycle, and the difference of the ideal time interval between two locks in a row, a double bottleneck model without charging is established, and the total cost of the system is derived under different scenarios; and then, through the establishment of the optimal charging equilibrium model, the congestion charge is taken as the subsidy for dam overturning, and the two-line linkage mechanism of ‘crossing the locks and overturning the dams’ is put forward. Then, by establishing the optimal toll equilibrium model and taking the congestion fee as the dam-over subsidy, a two-lane linkage mechanism of ‘gate crossing + dam-over’ is proposed to realise the synergy of navigable vessels crossing dams. It is shown that: toll management can effectively reduce the social cost of ship navigation and alleviate the congestion problem in front of the dam, and the dam-over subsidy can effectively promote the transfer of the dam-over mode; navigation managers can regulate the capacity of the downstream bottleneck when the upstream and downstream ships are not balanced to avoid the backlog of ships between the locks of the ladder level, so as to make effective use of the capacity of the dam-over; at the same time, by giving the larger tonnage ships a higher priority for the lock-over system, the function of the dam-over system can be brought into full play, and the total number of ships crossing the dams can be increased. At the same time, giving higher priority to larger tonnage ships can give full play to the function of the over-dam system and increase the total number of ships crossing the dam.

Key words: waterway transportation, ship management, series bottleneck, congestion pricing, subsidy for dam overturning

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