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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 342-352.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1477cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1477

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政企合作视角下新能源汽车充电基础设施最优投资模式研究

李冬冬1, 林雯窈1, 高伟伟2(), 商辰宣1   

  1. 1.西北工业大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西 西安 710072
    2.西北工业大学管理学院,陕西 西安 710072
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-05 修回日期:2023-11-28 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 高伟伟 E-mail:gwwsmile_0913@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72201207);国家自然科学基金项目(72202177);国家自然科学基金项目(72002172);陕西省软科学研究项目(2023-CX-RKX-022);陕西省社会科学基金年度项目(2025R295);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310699004)

Optimal Investment Mode of New Energy Vehicle Charging Infrastructure under Public-private Partnership

Dongdong Li1, Wenyao Lin1, Weiwei Gao2(), Chenxuan Shang1   

  1. 1.School of Public Policy and Administration,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    2.School of Management,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
  • Received:2023-09-05 Revised:2023-11-28 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-29
  • Contact: Weiwei Gao E-mail:gwwsmile_0913@126.com

摘要:

充电基础设施严重不足是制约广大乡镇地区新能源汽车消费潜力释放的一个关键因素。公共部门(政府)和私营部门(企业)发挥各自优势,建立合作伙伴关系,是解决上述问题的重要途径之一,但目前尚未有文献基于政企合作视角对新能源汽车充电基础设施的最优投资模式展开研究。基于此,本文构建了政府-企业-消费者的博弈模型,考察政府付费、可行性缺口补助以及消费者付费三类不同政企合作模式下新能源汽车充电基础设施投资的效果及其差异,并在此基础上讨论了最优的新能源汽车充电基础设施投资模式选择。研究结果表明:(1)政企合作能够提高新能源汽车充电基础设施建造和运营的投资水平,进而促进新能源汽车的大规模推广。(2)相比政府付费和消费者付费模式,可行性缺口补助模式不仅具有很好的新能源汽车推广效果,还能够提高社会福利水平,因此是最优的新能源汽车充电基础设施投资模式。(3)可行性缺口补助模式下,随着新能源汽车充电基础设施建造和运营成本系数的提高,最优的充电基础设施建造和运营补贴比例逐步下降,最优的充电服务费逐步上升。本文的研究结论将对我国新能源汽车的大规模推广及“双碳”目标的实现具有重要意义。

关键词: 政企合作, 新能源汽车, 充电基础设施, 投资模式

Abstract:

The lack of charging infrastructure has significantly hindered the widespread promotion of new energy vehicles in China. Establishing partnerships between the public sector (government) and the private sector (enterprises) is one important approach to address this issue. In this study, a tripartite game model involving the government, enterprises, and consumers was constructed to examine the effects and differences in investment in electric vehicle charging infrastructure under three types of government- enterprise cooperation models: government-funded, feasibility gap subsidy, and user-funded. Based on this, the optimal investment model for new energy vehicle charging infrastructure is discussed. The research findings indicate that (1) government and enterprise cooperation can enhance investment in new energy vehicle charging infrastructure and promote the large-scale adoption of new energy vehicles. (2) Compared to government-funded and user-funded models, the feasibility gap subsidy model not only has a positive impact on promoting electric vehicles but also enhances social welfare, making it the optimal investment model for new energy vehicle charging infrastructure. (3) Under the feasibility gap subsidy model, the optimal subsidy ratio for the construction and operation of charging infrastructure gradually decreases as the cost coefficient increases, while the optimal charging service fee price level gradually increases. The conclusions of this study are of great significance for the widespread promotion of new energy vehicles in China and the attainment of the transportation sector’s “dual-carbon” goals.

Key words: government-enterprise co-operation, new energy vehicles, charging infrastructure, investment model

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