考虑链间竞争与链内研发成本共担的绿色供应链决策——基于非合作-合作两型博弈方法

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2073

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对两条绿色供应链的链间竞争以及链内制造商和零售商的绿色研发成本共担，本文使用非合作-合作两型博弈方法研究此类竞争与合作共存的供应链的均衡价格及最优利润。首先，在非合作博弈部分，作为所在供应链的领导者，两个制造商分别制定产品批发价格，链内的零售商根据批发价格制定产品零售价格，构成竞争格局。两条供应链链内的上下游企业进行Stackelberg博弈的同时，供应链间同级成员进行横向市场竞争，构成Nash博弈。其次，在合作博弈部分，通过制造商与零售商选择绿色技术水平及绿色研发成本分担比例，分别对两条供应链建立合作博弈，刻画供应链间竞争及链内制造商与零售商的合作，利用Shapley值分配每条供应链的利润。以合作博弈部分分得的利润作为各供应链成员的支付函数，构建非合作博弈部分的博弈模型，求解Nash均衡策略即最优批发价和最优零售价。运用数值模拟分析绿色竞争强度和交叉价格敏感系数对均衡策略及最优利润的影响。研究结果表明：在供应链内制造商与零售商绿色研发成本共担的情况下，绿色技术水平和供应链成员利润均与研发成本系数呈正相关。绿色竞争强度的增加不仅导致两条供应链的所有成员利益受损，也使企业减少绿色技术投入，产品绿色度下降。而产品价格竞争加剧可以促使制造商生产高绿色度产品的同时为企业带来更高利润。本文结果可为竞争与合作共存的绿色低碳可持续供应链管理提供新方法。

关键词: 竞争供应链, 产品绿色度, 绿色研发成本共担, 非合作-合作两型博弈, Shapley值

Abstract:

With the prevalence of sustainable development， finding the balance between economic development and environment pollution is an issue that every enterprise in the supply chain needs to solve. The contradiction between high product green level and high green R&D cost leads to the decrease the enterprises' positivity of green technology R&D and profit. In order to meet the green product demands of consumers， many retailers， such as Walmart， have long been committed to help upstream manufacturers to ease the financial pressure by sharing the green R&D cost， which can encourage manufacturers to improve the level of green technology and realize the rational optimization of the supply chain resource. Considering the green competition， price competition and cooperation between manufacturers and retailers， it is worthwhile to explore how to determine the optimal price and the optimal level of green technology.For the competition of two green supply chains and the sharing cost of manufacturers and retailers， the equilibrium price and the optimal profit of supply chains are studied by using the noncooperative-cooperative biform game in this paper. In the noncooperative game part， choose wholesale price and retail price as strategies， which constitutes the competitive situation. In the cooperative game part， manufacturers and retailers optimize the level of green technology and the sharing proportion of green R&D cost. Two cooperative games are established to describe the competition of supply chains and the cooperation among supply chain members. Shapley value is used to distribute the profit of each supply chain. Based on the profit of the cooperative game， the Nash equilibrium strategy of supply chain members is obtained by constructing the non-cooperative game. The influence of the product green competitive intensity and cross price sensitivity coefficient on equilibrium strategy and optimal profit is analyzed through a numerical example.The results show that the green technology and the profit of supply chain members are positively correlated with the coefficient of green R&D cost. As the product green competitive intensity increases， the profit of supply chain members is reduced. And enterprises will reduce the investment in green technology， which leads to the lower green level of products. However， the product price competition can prompt manufacturers to produce products with high green level and raise product pricing. A new method is provided to study the management for green supply chains with coexistence of competition and cooperation.

Key words: competing supply chains, product green level, green R&D cost-sharing, noncooperative-cooperative biform game, Shapley value

中图分类号:

F224

李梦祺,李登峰,南江霞. 考虑链间竞争与链内研发成本共担的绿色供应链决策——基于非合作-合作两型博弈方法[J]. 中国管理科学, 2025, 33(10): 339-349.

Mengqi Li,Dengfeng Li,Jiangxia Nan. Competition of Green Supply Chains and R&D Cost-sharing within a Chain: Based on Noncooperative-Cooperative Biform Game Approach[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(10): 339-349.

图/表 5

参考文献 25

[1]	陈克兵，孔颖琪，雷东. 考虑消费者偏好及渠道权力的可替代产品供应链的定价和绿色投入决策［J］. 中国管理科学， 2023， 31（5）： 1-10.
	Chen K B， Kong Y Q， Lei D. Pricing and green input decisions of a competitive supply chain with consumers’ product preference and different channel powers［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2023， 31（5）： 1-10.
[2]	林志炳，陈志注.工业结构绿色化对绿色经济效率的影响研究［J］.电子科技大学学报（社科版）， 2021， 23（1）： 19-26.
	Lin Z B， Chen Z Z. Study on the influence of the green development of industrial structure on green economy efficiency［J］. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China （Social Sciences Edition）， 2021， 23（1）： 19-26.
[3]	杨惠霄，欧锦文. 收入共享与谈判权力对供应链碳减排决策的影响［J］. 系统工程理论与实践， 2020， 40（9）： 2379-2390.
	Yang H X， Ou J W. The effect of revenue sharing and bargaining power on carbon emission reduction in a supply chain［J］. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice， 2020， 40（9）： 2379-2390.
[4]	王娜，张玉林. 碳税政策下制造商和再制造商竞争与合作博弈分析［J］. 电子科技大学学报（社科版）， 2021， 23（2）： 75-85.
	Wang N， Zhang Y L. Analysis of competition and cooperation between a manufacturer and a remanufacturer under carbon tax policy based on game theory［J］. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China （Social Sciences Edition）， 2021， 23（2）： 75-85.
[5]	张志朋. “双碳” 目标的法理阐释和制度塑造［J］. 电子科技大学学报（社科版）， 2022， 24（6）： 64-72.
	Zhang Z P. “Two-carbon related” goals： Jurisprudence interpretation and institutional shaping［J］. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China （Social Sciences Edition）， 2022， 24（6）： 64-72.
[6]	刘名武，林强，王晓斐. 供应链减排运作决策研究现状与发展趋势［J］. 电子科技大学学报（社科版）， 2022， 24（2）： 86-95.
	Liu M W， Lin Q， Wang X F. Status and trends of operational decision-making of supply chain emission reduction［J］. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China （Social Sciences Edition）， 2022， 24（2）： 86-95.
[7]	刘名武，刘亚琼，付巧灵. 关税、权力结构与消费者偏好下的绿色供应链决策研究［J］. 中国管理科学， 2022， 30（3）： 131-141.
	Liu M W， Liu Y Q， Fu Q L. Green supply chain decisions with consideration of tariffs， power structures and consumer preference［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2022， 30（3）： 131-141.
[8]	Hong Z， Guo X. Green product supply chain contracts considering environmental responsibilities［J］. Omega， 2019， 83： 155-166.
[9]	李婧婧，李勇建，刘露，等. 激励绿色供应链企业开展生态设计的机制决策［J］. 系统工程理论与实践， 2019， 39（9）： 2287-2299.
	Li J J， Li Y J， Liu L， et al. Mechanism decisions to encourage product eco-design implemented by green supply chain enterprises［J］. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice， 2019， 39（9）： 2287-2299.
[10]	Song H， Gao X. Green supply chain game model and analysis under revenue-sharing contract［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production， 2018， 170： 183-192.
[11]	白春光，唐家福. 制造-销售企业绿色供应链合作博弈分析［J］. 系统工程学报， 2017， 32（6）： 818-828.
	Bai C G， Tang J F. Manufacturing-marketing green supply chain cooperative game analysis［J］. Journal of Systems Engineering， 2017， 32（6）： 818-828.
[12]	周小亮. 包容性绿色增长目标下产业高质量发展：文献解读与研究框架［J］. 电子科技大学学报（社科版）， 2022， 24（3）： 39-53.
	Zhou X L. High-quality industrial development under the goal of inclusive green growth： Literature interpretation and research framework［J］. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China （Social Sciences Edition）， 2022， 24（3）： 39-53.
[13]	林志炳. 考虑企业社会责任的绿色供应链定价与制造策略研究［J］.管理工程学报，2022， 36（3）： 131-138.
	Lin Z B. Research on pricing and manufacturing strategies in a green supply chainconsidering corporate social responsibility［J］. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management， 2022， 36（3）： 131-138.
[14]	冯毅，林兵. 确定需求下供应链网络的最优结构和竞争力研究［J］. 电子科技大学学报（社科版）， 2022， 24（2）： 96-102.
	Feng Y， Lin B. The optimal structure and competitiveness of network supply chain under deterministic demands［J］. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China （Social Sciences Edition）， 2022， 24（2）： 96-102.
[15]	李晓静，艾兴政，唐小我. 创新驱动下竞争供应链的纵向整合决策［J］. 管理工程学报， 2018， 32（2）： 151-158.
	Li X J， Ai X Z， Tang X W. Vertical integration of competing supply chain under the condition of R & D motivation［J］. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management， 2018， 32（2）： 151-158.
[16]	孟炯，张杨，曾波. 基于个性化需求的产品竞争供应链结构选择［J］.中国管理科学，2019， 27（12）： 67-76.
	Meng J， Zhang Y， Zeng B. Study on structure selection of product competition supply chain based on individualized demand［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2019， 27（12）： 67-76.
[17]	罗剑玉，宋华，杨晓叶，等. 竞争性绿色供应链中制造商提供绿色服务的信息共享研究［J］. 中国管理科学， 2023， 31（9）： 105-113.
	Luo J Y， Song H， Yang X Y， et al. Research on information sharing of manufacturers providing green services in competitive green supply chain［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2023， 31（9）： 105-113.
[18]	杨振华，冯展斌，沈强，等. 竞争供应链中制造商环保技术投资决策研究［J］.中国管理科学，2022， 30（7）： 164-175.
	Yang Z H， Feng Z B， Shen Q， et al. Optimal environmental technology investment of manufacturers in competitive supply chains［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2022， 30（7）： 164-175.
[19]	Jamali M B， Rasti-Barzoki M. A game theoretic approach for green and non-green product pricing in chain-to-chain competitive sustainable and regular dual-channel supply chains［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production， 2018， 170： 1029-1043.
[20]	Hosseini-Motlagh S M， Nematollahi M， Nouri M. Coordination of green quality and green warranty decisions in a two-echelon competitive supply chain with substitutable products［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production， 2018， 196： 961-984.
[21]	许格妮，陈惠汝，武晓莉，等.竞争供应链中绿色成本分担博弈分析［J］.系统工程学报，2020，35（2）： 244-256.
	Xu G N， Chen H R， Wu X L， et al. Game analysis on green cost-sharing between competing supply chains［J］. Journal of Systems Engineering， 2020， 35（2）： 244-256.
[22]	Dai R， Zhang J， Tang W. Cartelization or Cost-sharing？ Comparison of cooperation modes in a green supply chain［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production， 2017， 156： 159-173.
[23]	Liang K R， Li D F. A biobjective biform game approach to optimizing strategies in bilateral link network formation［J］. IEEE Transactions on Systems， Man， and Cybernetics： Systems， 2022， 52（3）： 1653-1662.
[24]	南江霞，张莉，张茂军，等. 云服务供应链多人合作与技术创新决策的两型博弈模型［J］. 系统工程理论与实践， 2021， 41（7）： 1771-1783.
	Nan J X， Zhang L， Zhang M J， et al. Biform game for the cloud service supply chain with multi-person cooperation and technology innovation decision［J］. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice，2021， 41（7）： 1771-1783.
[25]	Shapley L S. A value for n-person games［M］//Kuhn H W， Tucker A W. Theory of Games Ⅱ. Princeton： Princeton University Press， 1953： 307-318.