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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 372-385.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.2065

• • 上一篇    

小样本多维驱动因素下的行业碳排放预测方法

赖晓凡1, 张泽宇1, 石绣天2(), 张卫国1   

  1. 1.深圳大学管理学院,广东 深圳 518000
    2.南京理工大学经济管理学院,江苏 南京 210094
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-13 修回日期:2025-04-03 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 石绣天 E-mail:xtshi@njust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72371169);国家自然科学基金项目(72071113);国家自然科学基金项目(72334004);国家自然科学基金项目(72471120);广东省自然科学基金项目(2023A1515030260);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20231453);广东省教育厅2024年广东省研究生教育创新计划项目(2024SFKC_078);深圳大学人文社会科学高层次团队项目(24QNCG05)

Prediction Method of Industrial Carbon Emissions under Multiple Driving Factors and Small Samples

Xiaofan Lai1, Zeyu Zhang1, Xiutian Shi2(), Weiguo Zhang1   

  1. 1.College of Management,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518000,China
    2.School of Economics & Management,Nanjing University of Science & Technology,Nanjing 210094,China
  • Received:2024-11-13 Revised:2025-04-03 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-10-09
  • Contact: Xiutian Shi E-mail:xtshi@njust.edu.cn

摘要:

准确地预测行业碳排放总量及识别关键碳排放驱动因素能够为国家碳排放管控部门提供决策参考,对于实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。由于我国碳排放数据核算工作起步较晚,导致现有数据存在小样本、多驱动因素、波动性强与非单调等特点,因此,对其准确预测变得极为困难。为增强小样本多维驱动因素数据条件下预测模型的关键特征选择能力和泛化能力,本文提出了一种新的行业碳排放预测方法。该方法选取了基于小样本的支持向量回归机作为核心预测模型,利用深度Q网络特征工程方法选择多元交叉驱动因素中的典型特征,并使用麻雀搜索算法优化核心模型的参数,从而有效地提升了该方法在小样本多维驱动因素下的预测能力与泛化能力。数值实验通过选取我国建筑业和交通运输业两个典型行业的碳排放数据作为研究对象,实验结果表明:在小样本多维驱动因素数据下进行行业碳排放预测,相较于传统的预测模型,本文所提预测方法不仅能够更加准确且有效地预测相关行业的碳排放变化趋势,而且能够直接地提取出关键碳排放驱动因素,展现出更良好的鲁棒性和预测性。

关键词: 小样本, 多维驱动因素, 行业碳排放预测, 特征工程, 参数优化

Abstract:

Accurately predicting the total carbon emissions of industries and identifying the key driving factors of carbon emissions are crucial for decision-making in carbon emission control, significantly contributing to China's “dual carbon” goal. However, the accounting process of carbon emission data in China started relatively late and is characterized by small samples, multiple driving factors, high volatility, and non-monotonic patterns, which makes precise predictions particularly challenging. To enhance both the feature selection and generalization capabilities of prediction models under conditions involving small samples and multiple driving factors, a novel method for predicting industrial carbon emissions is proposed.This method mainly consists of three modules as follows:(1) Feature Engineering Module: It uses the Deep Q-Network (DQN) learning method to analyze the correlation between higher-order cross features and carbon emissions sequences, extracting the driving factor sequence that best characterizes the industrial carbon emission trend, thereby avoiding interference from redundant factors during the information integration of the prediction model.(2)Parameter Optimization Module: The Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) is employed to optimize the penalty parameter c and kernel parameter g of Support Vector Regression (SVR), improving the model training performance and enhancing its generalization capability.(3)Prediction Module: Based on the state features St output by DQN with St={f1,…, fn} representing the state of the n driving factors fi at the t-th iteration, and based on the optimal parameters c and g provided by SSA, the widely used SVR model is selected to train and predict the industrial carbon emission sequence. The resulting model based on SVR is able to achieve accurate predictions for industrial carbon emissions.The data used in this study are from China's construction and transportation industries from 2005 to 2020, and are sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, Carbon Emission Accounts and Datasets (CEADS) and the China Building Energy Conservation Association. During the numerical experiment, cross-validation and multi-step time series forecasting are used to conduct 2-step, 3-step, and 5-step prediction experiments, resulting in a total of 18 experiments. The numerical results reveal that the proposed predicting method surpasses traditional predicting methods, such as LSTM, ELM, GRU, BP, etc., demonstrating greater robustness and predictive ability, and achieving more precise and effective forecasts of industrial carbon emission trends characterized by small samples and multiple driving factors.

Key words: small samples, multiple driving factors, industrial carbon emissions forecast, feature selection, parameter optimization

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