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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 187-201.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1406cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1406

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基于全局空闲资源再分配的多技能项目群调度优化

郭松清, 徐哲(), 苏艺璇   

  1. 北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-16 修回日期:2024-12-10 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 徐哲 E-mail:xuzhebuaa@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72271012)

Optimization of Multi Skill Project Group Scheduling Based on Global Idle Resource Reallocation

Songqing Guo, Zhe Xu(), Yixuan Su   

  1. School of Economics and Management,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
  • Received:2024-08-16 Revised:2024-12-10 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-05-22
  • Contact: Zhe Xu E-mail:xuzhebuaa@163.com

摘要:

大型工程项目往往采用项目群的方式进行管理,子项目之间存在先后逻辑关系,项目信息完全共享,同时,需要兼顾考虑项目群整体优化目标和各子项目优化目标,因此,项目群调度问题是一类特殊的多项目调度优化问题。当考虑多技能人力资源时,全局资源技能水平差异与局部资源使用量变化均会导致活动工期的变化。本文以最小化项目群总工期和各子项目成本为目标建立全局和局部两阶段分层调度优化模型,提出基于空闲全局资源再分配的两阶段求解机制,并设计一种自适应改进的多种群遗传算法对全局调度问题进行求解,基于Ran Gen随机生成项目群算例集开展实验研究。研究结果表明:本文建立的两阶段分层调度优化模型可以更好地描述项目群调度问题的特点;设计的空闲全局资源再分配机制可以在保证项目群总工期的前提下,合理分配全局多技能人力资源,有效降低子项目成本;针对不同规模的项目群调度问题,本文设计的两阶段多种群遗传算法在测试算例集上的求解结果显著优于比较的两种算法。

关键词: 项目群调度, 多技能人力资源, 柔性工期, 多种群遗传算法

Abstract:

Large engineering projects are often managed by project groups. There is a logical relationship between subprojects, and the project information is fully shared. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the overall optimization objectives of the project group and the optimization objectives of each subproject. Therefore, the project group scheduling problem is a special multi project scheduling optimization problem with practical application scenarios. When considering multi skilled human resources, the difference in the skill level of global resources and the change in the use of local resources will lead to the change of activity duration. Large projects tend to be completed and put into use as soon as possible, that is, project group managers usually need to consider how to reduce the project group duration; When the sub project is responsible for its own profits and losses within the budget, it often reduces the cost of the sub project as much as possible to protect its own interests, that is, the sub project manager usually needs to consider how to reduce the cost of the sub project. Therefore, the global and local objectives are to minimize the total duration of the project group and the cost of each sub project.To solve this problem, a global and local two-stage hierarchical scheduling optimization model is established. Under the global and local resource constraints, the project group manager establishes a global scheduling optimization model to minimize the total duration of the project group. Under the global resource constraints and sub project duration constraints given by the project group manager, the sub project managers establish a local scheduling optimization model with the goal of minimizing the sub project cost. To solve this problem, a two-stage solution mechanism based on idle global resource reallocation is proposed, and an adaptive improved multi population genetic algorithm is designed to solve the global scheduling problem.The experimental research was carried out based on Ran Gen randomly generated project group example set. According to the problem size, the example is divided into three problem subsets, and each problem subset contains two groups of project group examples generated by 27 different parameter combinations. The experimental results show that under the same problem scale, the stronger the global resource conflict intensity and the greater the network density of the project group, the longer the total duration of the project group, and the greater the local resource demand intensity, the greater the average cost of the sub project. The experiment further proves that the idle global resource reallocation mechanism designed in this paper can reasonably allocate the global multi skilled human resources and effectively reduce the cost of sub projects on the premise of ensuring the total duration of the project group. In addition, the idle resource reallocation strategy can provide a reference for project group managers when allocating project group resources.The research gap of project group scheduling problem is made up for considering multi skilled human resources, and the door for further research on project group scheduling problem considering human resources balance and multi skilled human resources project group scheduling problem under uncertainty is opened. Due to the multi skill heterogeneity of human resources and the different needs of activities, the working hours of employees tend to be unbalanced, which is not conducive to the use and management of human resources. Therefore, in the follow-up study, the work time balance will be considered for further research. At the same time, more efficient meta heuristic algorithm or artificial intelligence algorithm is explored to solve the problem, so as to further improve the optimization effect of project group scheduling problem.

Key words: project group scheduling, multi-skilled human resources, variable duration, multi population genetic algorithm

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