中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 242-255.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0998cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0998
收稿日期:2023-06-13
修回日期:2024-01-15
出版日期:2026-05-25
发布日期:2026-04-21
通讯作者:
饶卫振
E-mail:raoweizhen@163.com
基金资助:
Weizhen Rao1(
), Zhaoxun Gao1, Qinghua Zhu2
Received:2023-06-13
Revised:2024-01-15
Online:2026-05-25
Published:2026-04-21
Contact:
Weizhen Rao
E-mail:raoweizhen@163.com
摘要:
农超对接中,农户持续增收难的原因之一是缺乏高效的农产品运营模式及物流协作体系。考虑到农超对接物流规模小、任务分散的特点,从合作博弈理念入手,构建农超对接物流协作模式;为解决实际物流中的调度优化问题,建立考虑时间窗的多方协作成本模型,通过Shapley值法分摊总物流成本;同时,考虑物流效率构建农户收益模型,比较不同模式下农户收益变化,并基于数值实验对所提模式的有效性进行验证。研究结果表明:农超对接物流协作模式能够降低8.77%~35.80%的总物流成本,提高运输效率,农户收益进而增加54.85%~71.58%,激励农户参与农超对接,实现持续增收;当农超对接在全国范围内展开时,参与农户数量越多,物流协作模式对农户、企业及超市三方越有利。
中图分类号:
饶卫振,高召珣,朱庆华. 依托平台农超对接运营模式及物流协作机制研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2026, 34(5): 242-255.
Weizhen Rao,Zhaoxun Gao,Qinghua Zhu. Research on the Operation Mode and Logistics Cooperation Mechanism Based on the Platform Agriculture-supermarket Docking[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(5): 242-255.
表1
符号及其说明"
| 符号 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| N | 所有企业的客户集合,N={1, 2, …,|N|} |
| M | 所有配送中心集合,M={1, 2, …, |M|} |
| K | 所有配送中心车辆集合,K={1, 2, …, |K|} |
| D | 所有企业待配送客户集合,D={1, 2, …, |D|} |
| P | 所有企业待取货客户集合,P={|D|+1, |D|+2, …, d} |
| Di | 第i(1 ≤ i ≤ n)个物流企业待配送客户集合 |
| Pi | 第i(1 ≤ i ≤ n)个物流企业待取货客户集合 |
| Ki | 第i(1 ≤ i ≤ n)个物流企业的车辆集合 |
| Q | 运输车辆的最大载量 |
| L | 运输车辆允许行驶的最大距离 |
| Cf | 每单位车辆的固定成本 |
| h | 每单位车辆运输时产生变动成本 |
| ti | 第i(1 ≤ i ≤ d)个顾客的服务时间 |
| ei | 第i(1 ≤ i ≤ d)个顾客的最早到达时间 |
| li | 第i(1 ≤ i ≤ d)个顾客的最晚到达时间 |
| Sj | 第j(1 ≤ j ≤ 2 n -1)个子联盟,且Sj ≠ ∅ |
| Kj | 第j(1 ≤ j ≤ 2 n -1)个子联盟中车辆的集合 |
| Dj | 第j(1 ≤ j ≤ 2 n -1)个子联盟配送客户集合 |
| Pj | 第j(1 ≤ j ≤ 2 n -1)个子联盟取货客户集合 |
| Mj | 第j(1 ≤ j ≤ 2 n -1)个子联盟配送中心集合 |
| qi | 第i(i∈Dj )个客户的送货需求量 |
| qj | 第j(j∈Pj )个客户的取货需求量 |
| gik | 车辆k(k∈Kj )在点i(1 ≤ i ≤ d)处等待时间 |
| wik | 车辆k(k∈Kj )在点i(1 ≤ i ≤ d)处离开时间 |
| dei | 配送中心e(e∈Mj)与点i(i∈Pj )处的距离 |
| dej | 配送中心e(e∈Mj)与点j(j∈Dj )处的距离 |
| dij | 节点i(i∈Pj )与点j(j∈Dj )之间的距离 |
| Qef | 从配送中心e(e∈Mj )向配送中心f(f∈Mj \{e})所需调配货物量 |
| dop | 任意两待取货客户或配送中心与待取货客户o, p之间的配送距离 |
| dst | 任意两待配送客户或配送中心与待配送客户s, t之间的配送距离 |
| def | 任意两个企业的配送中心e, f之间的配送距离(e, f∈Mj ) |
| Zei | 0-1变量,顾客i(i∈Dj )由第e个配送中心派出车辆服务时为1,否则为0 |
| Zej | 0-1变量,顾客j(j∈Pj )由第e个配送中心派出车辆服务时为1,否则为0 |
| uk | 0-1变量,车辆k(k∈Kj )被启用时为1,否则为0 |
| xopk | 0-1变量,车辆k(k∈Kj )经过弧(o, p)时为1,o, p∈Pj ∪Mj,否则为0 |
| xstk | 0-1变量,车辆k(k∈Kj )经过弧(s, t)时为1,s, t∈Dj ∪Mj,否则为0 |
| yefk | 0-1变量,车辆k(k∈Kj )经过弧(e, f)时为1,e, f∈Mj,否则为0 |
表2
ALNS与其他经典算法求解结果比较"
| No. | ACO-CC | SGVNSALS | ALNS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| d | t | T | Q | BEST | BEST | BEST | GAP(%) | |
| pr01 | 48 | 4 | 500 | 200 | 1085.70 | 1190.00 | 1099.42 | 2.36 |
| pr02 | 96 | 4 | 480 | 195 | 1766.60 | 2082.10 | 1803.35 | 2.33 |
| pr03 | 144 | 4 | 460 | 150 | 2440.60 | 2725.56 | 2574.63 | 8.47 |
| pr04 | 192 | 4 | 440 | 185 | 3349.70 | 3558.48 | 3066.29 | 8.91 |
| pr05 | 240 | 4 | 420 | 180 | 3372.10 | 3789.84 | 3118.65 | 4.17 |
| pr06 | 288 | 4 | 400 | 175 | 4153.50 | 4651.68 | 3945.21 | 8.77 |
| pr07 | 72 | 6 | 500 | 200 | 1453.98 | 1527.00 | 1610.02 | 13.52 |
| pr08 | 144 | 6 | 475 | 190 | 2257.40 | 2511.62 | 2293.40 | 9.38 |
| pr09 | 216 | 6 | 450 | 180 | 3065.30 | 3431.24 | 2293.40 | 0.00 |
| pr10 | 288 | 6 | 425 | 170 | 3976.70 | 4671.04 | 3785.30 | 8.17 |
| pr11 | 48 | 4 | 500 | 200 | 1007.99 | 1032.98 | 860.95 | 0.00 |
| pr12 | 96 | 4 | 480 | 195 | 1486.30 | 1602.65 | 1587.53 | 7.79 |
| pr13 | 144 | 4 | 460 | 150 | 2222.30 | 2274.40 | 2251.28 | 12.46 |
| pr14 | 192 | 4 | 440 | 185 | 2568.99 | 2721.26 | 2381.53 | 8.15 |
| pr15 | 240 | 4 | 420 | 180 | 3079.87 | 3171.43 | 2613.25 | 6.00 |
| pr16 | 288 | 4 | 400 | 175 | 3387.01 | 3808.61 | 3168.22 | 9.40 |
| pr17 | 72 | 6 | 500 | 200 | 1287.50 | 1253.21 | 1326.20 | 7.28 |
| pr18 | 144 | 6 | 475 | 190 | 2029.23 | 2040.39 | 1976.52 | 10.26 |
| pr19 | 216 | 6 | 450 | 180 | 2665.63 | 2681.81 | 1788.67 | 0.00 |
| pr20 | 288 | 6 | 425 | 170 | 3678.89 | 3864.18 | 3366.15 | 9.42 |
| Avg. | 2516.76 | 2729.47 | 2345.50 | |||||
表3
实际24-1个子联盟协作成本优化对比"
| j | BS | Sj | Cn (S) | C(S) | SC(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [0 0 0 1] | {4} | 60.06 | 60.06 | 0.00 |
| 2 | [0 0 1 0] | {3} | 232.04 | 232.04 | 0.00 |
| 3 | [0 0 1 1] | {3, 4} | 292.10 | 208.55 | 28.60 |
| 4 | [0 1 0 0] | {2} | 113.71 | 113.71 | 0.00 |
| 5 | [0 1 0 1] | {2, 4} | 173.77 | 147.27 | 15.25 |
| 6 | [0 1 1 0] | {2, 3} | 345.75 | 308.68 | 10.72 |
| 7 | [0 1 1 1] | {2, 3, 4} | 405.81 | 306.83 | 24.39 |
| 8 | [1 0 0 0] | {1} | 116.00 | 116.00 | 0.00 |
| 9 | [1 0 0 1] | {1,4} | 176.06 | 159.47 | 9.42 |
| 10 | [1 0 1 0] | {1, 3} | 348.04 | 297.06 | 14.65 |
| 11 | [1 0 1 1] | {1, 3, 4} | 408.10 | 307.01 | 24.77 |
| 12 | [1 1 0 0] | {1, 2} | 229.71 | 178.42 | 22.33 |
| 13 | [1 1 0 1] | {1, 2, 4} | 289.77 | 207.59 | 28.36 |
| 14 | [1 1 1 0] | {1, 2, 3} | 461.75 | 341.29 | 26.09 |
| 15 | [1 1 1 1] | {1, 2, 3, 4} | 521.81 | 347.06 | 33.49 |
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