BOPS模式下考虑退货异质性及需求随机性的订购决策及供应链协调研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0522

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文基于多销售渠道退货异质性和消费者需求随机性，分析BOPS模式下的零售商最优订购决策和供应链契约协调问题。研究发现：（1）零售商期望利润是关于订购量的凹函数，存在唯一极值使零售商期望利润最大化；（2）不同渠道的退货率对零售商最优订购量的影响存在显著差异；（3）受退货问题影响，回购契约、收益共享契约在BOPS模式下均不能实现供应链协调。本文提出的阈值回购收益共享契约可以实现供应链协调与帕累托改进，达到供应链全局最优。

关键词: BOPS, drop-shipping, 退货, 订购决策, 供应链协调

Abstract:

The emergence of omni-channel new retailing such as BOPS has played an important role in reducing online and offline channel conflicts， promoting channel integration and enhancing consumers’ shopping experience， and has been widely used in fast fashion and other industries. Considering mixed procurement channels composed of traditional procurement and drop-shipping， the heterogeneity of multi-channel returns and the randomness of consumer demand， tthe retailer’s optimal ordering decision and the coordination of supply chain contract under the BOPS mode are analyzed.Based on the game theory， the onmi-channel ordering decision newsboy model under the BOPS mode is established with the goal of maximizing profits. The centralized decision-making is taken as the benchmark of the supply chain optimal strategy. The analysis results show that the retailer’s expected profit is a concave function about the order quantity， and there is a unique extreme value to maximize the retailer’s expected profit. The return rate of different channels has significant differences on the retailer’s optimal order quantity. Then the coordination effect of buy-back contract and revenue sharing contract on decentralized supply chain is investigated. The findings indicate that neither the buy-back contract nor the revenue sharing contract can achieve supply chain coordination in BOPS mode due to the problem of return. Therefore， a new threshold buy-back revenue sharing contract is proposed to coordinate the supply chain. The analysis shows that the threshold buy-back revenue sharing contract of joint buy-back and revenue sharing can achieve supply chain coordination and Pareto improvement， and reach the global optimization of the supply chain.It can further enrich and improve the research theory of omni-channel field， and provide theoretical guidance for enterprises’ operational decision-making and supply chain collaborative operation under the BOPS mode.

Key words: BOPS, drop-shipping, return, ordering decision, supply chain coordination

中图分类号:

F252

马守宇,梁艳青,熊峰, 等. BOPS模式下考虑退货异质性及需求随机性的订购决策及供应链协调研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2025, 33(12): 264-273.

Shouyu Ma,Yanqing Liang,Feng Xiong, et al. Order Decision and Supply Chain Coordination Considering Demand Uncertainty and Return Heterogeneity under the BOPS Mode[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(12): 264-273.

图/表 4

图1

表1

符号及说明"

符号	含义
$x 1$	线下渠道的需求
$x 2$	线上渠道的需求
$x 3$	BOPS渠道的需求
$f x 1, x 2, x 3$	$x 1, x 2, x 3$ 的联合概率密度函数
$F x 1, x 2, x 3$	$x 1, x 2, x 3$ 的联合累积分布函数
$v 1$	线下渠道的单位产品销售价格
$v 2$	线上渠道的单位产品销售价格
$v 3$	BOPS渠道的单位产品销售价格
$w 1$	零售商向供应商订购产品的批发价格
$w 2$	使用drop-shipping订购产品的批发价格
$w r$	单位退货成本
$Q 1$	零售商向供应商订购的产品数量
$Q 2$	drop-shipping投递的产品数量
$β 1$	线下渠道的退货率
$β 2$	drop-shipping投递的退货率
$β 3$	线上购买通过自有库存满足的退货率
$β 4$	BOPS渠道的退货率
$t$	消费者转向线上渠道购买的比例
$ρ$	缺货造成的单位损失成本
$s$	零售商剩余库存的单位残值
$π i j$	供应链利润,其中下标 $i = (r, s, T),$ $r$ 表示供应商, $s$ 表示供应商, $T$ 表示集中决策；上标 $j = (D, B, R, M),$ $D$ 表示分散决策, $B$ 表示回购契约, $R$ 表示收益共享契约, $M$ 表示阈值回购收益共享契约

表1

图2

图3

参考文献 24

[1]	Kim E， Park M C， Lee J. Determinants of the intention to use Buy-Online， Pickup In-Store （BOPS）： The moderating effects of situational factors and product type［J］. Telematics and Informatics， 2017， 34（8）： 1721-1735.
[2]	Wang R， Nan G， Chen L， et al. Channel integration choices and pricing strategies for competing dual-channel retailers［J］. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management， 2022， 69（5）： 2260-2274.
[3]	葛晨晨，朱建军. 考虑异质性顾客多重交互行为的全渠道竞争策略研究［J］. 系统工程理论与实践， 2023， 43（5）： 1395-1413.
	Ge C C， Zhu J J. Research on omnichannel competition strategy considering heterogeneous customer multiple interaction behavior［J］. Systems Engineering —Theory & Practice， 2023， 43（5）： 1395-1413.
[4]	Cao J， So K C， Yin S. Impact of an “online-to-store” channel on demand allocation， pricing and profitability［J］. European Journal of Operational Research， 2016， 248（1）： 234-245.
[5]	孔瑞晓，官振中，罗利. 基于BOPS的全渠道供应链结构研究［J］. 管理学报， 2019， 16（7）： 1072-1080.
	Kong R X， Guan Z Z， Luo L. Research on omni-channel supply chain structure with BOPS［J］. Chinese Journal of Management， 2019， 16（7）： 1072-1080.
[6]	Lin X， Zhou Y W， Hou R. Impact of a “buy-online-and-pickup-in-store” channel on price and quality decisions in a supply chain［J］. European Journal of Operational Research， 2021， 294（3）： 922-935.
[7]	Kong R， Luo L， Chen L， et al. The effects of BOPS implementation under different pricing strategies in omnichannel retailing［J］. Transportation Research Part E： Logistics and Transportation Review， 2020， 141： 102014.
[8]	Kusuda Y. Information effect of buy-online-and-pick-up-in-store in omnichannel retailing with store replenishment［J］. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications， 2022， 52： 101127.
[9]	Lu J C， Yang Y， Han S Y， et al. Coordinated inventory policies for meeting demands from both store and online BOPS channels［J］. Computers & Industrial Engineering， 2020， 145： 106542.
[10]	He Y， Xu Q， Wu P. Omnichannel retail operations with refurbished consumer returns［J］. International Journal of Production Research， 2020， 58（1）： 271-290.
[11]	Radhi M， Zhang G. Optimal cross-channel return policy in dual-channel retailing systems［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2019， 210： 184-198.
[12]	陈飔佳，官振中. 消费者失望厌恶下全渠道零售商退货策略研究［J］. 中国管理科学， 2023， 31（11）： 217-227.
	Chen S J， Guan Z Z. Research on return policies of omni-channel retailer considering consumers disappointment aversion［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2023， 31（11）： 217-227.
[13]	Jin D， Caliskan-Demirag O， Chen F， et al. Omnichannel retailers’ return policy strategies in the presence of competition［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2020， 225： 107595.
[14]	刘健，张珣，陈杰，等. 全渠道零售商退货方式和定价研究［J］. 中国管理科学， 2022， 30（4）： 252-263.
	Liu J， Zhang X， Chen J， et al. Research on return modes and pricing for omnichannel retailers［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2022， 30（4）： 252-263.
[15]	Ma S， Jemai Z， Sahin E， et al. The news-vendor problem with drop-shipping and resalable returns［J］. International Journal of Production Research， 2017， 55（22）： 6547-6571.
[16]	刘金荣，徐琪，陈啟. 考虑网络退货和渠道成本时全渠道BOPS定价与服务决策［J］. 中国管理科学， 2019， 27（9）： 56-67.
	Liu J R， Xu Q， Chen Q. Pricing and service decision of omni-channel BOPS： Considering online return and channel cost［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2019， 27（9）： 56-67.
[17]	Shi X， Dong C， Cheng T C E. Does the buy-online-and-pick-up-in-store strategy with pre-orders benefit a retailer with the consideration of returns？［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2018， 206： 134-145.
[18]	李建斌，郭培强，陶智颖. 双边收益共享与两部收费契约下的全渠道协调策略［J］. 系统工程理论与实践， 2021， 41（11）： 2887-2901.
	Li J B， Guo P Q， Tao Z Y. Bilateral revenue sharing and two-part tariff contracts for omnichannel coordination strategy［J］. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice， 2021， 41（11）： 2887-2901.
[19]	Fan X， Tian L， Wang C， et al. Optimal service decisions in an omni-channel with buy-online-and-pick-up-in-store［J］. Journal of the Operational Research Society， 2022， 73（4）： 794-810.
[20]	Zhang Y， Li J， Xu B. Designing buy-online-and-pick-up-in-store （BOPS） contract of dual-channel low-carbon supply chain considering consumers’ low-carbon preference［J］. Mathematical Problems in Engineering， 2020， 2020（1）： 7476019.
[21]	Gao F， Su X. Omnichannel retail operations with buy-online-and-pick-up-in-store［J］. Management Science， 2017， 63（8）： 2478-2492.
[22]	范辰，刘咏梅，陈晓红. 考虑向上销售和渠道主导结构的BOPS定价与服务合作［J］.中国管理科学， 2018， 26（3）： 101-108.
	Fan C， Liu Y M， Chen X H. Pricing and service cooperation with “buy-online， pick-up-in-store”： Considering upselling effect and leadership structures［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2018， 26（3）： 101-108.
[23]	刘家国，吴冲. 基于报童模型的两级供应链回购契约协调研究［J］. 中国管理科学， 2010， 18（4）： 73-78.
	Liu J G， Wu C. Study of a tow-level supply chain returns policy model based on the newsboy model［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2010， 18（4）： 73-78.
[24]	刘墨林，但斌，马崧萱. 考虑保鲜努力与增值服务的生鲜电商供应链最优决策与协调［J］. 中国管理科学， 2020， 28（8）： 76-88.
	Liu M L， Dan B， Ma S X. Optimal strategies and coordination of fresh E-commerce supply chain considering freshness-keeping effort and value-added service［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2020， 28（8）： 76-88.