主管:中国科学院
主办:中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会
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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 138-148.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1329

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稀有金属商业储备决策研究

陈建云1,2,3, 朱文兴1,3, 罗仙平1,2()   

  1. 1.江西理工大学有色金属产业发展研究院,江西 赣州 341000
    2.江西理工大学江西省稀有金属资源高效开发与利用重点实验室,江西 赣州 341000
    3.江西理工大学商学院,江西 南昌 330044
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-16 修回日期:2024-01-11 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-10-24
  • 通讯作者: 罗仙平 E-mail:luoxianping9491@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(20XGL016)

Research on the Commercial Reserve Decisions of Rare Metals

Jianyun Chen1,2,3, Wenxing Zhu1,3, Xianping Luo1,2()   

  1. 1.Non-ferrous Metal Industry Development Research Institute,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China
    2.Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Efficient Development and Utilization of Rare Metal Resources,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China
    3.School of Business,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Nanchang 330044,China
  • Received:2023-08-16 Revised:2024-01-11 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-10-24
  • Contact: Xianping Luo E-mail:luoxianping9491@163.com

摘要:

稀有金属是战略性新兴产业发展的重要基石。为促进稀有金属产业高质量发展,我国对稀有金属实行总量调控管理,并逐步完善实物储备和矿产地储备相结合的储备体系,其中商业(企业)储备是稀有金属实物储备的重要方式。本文以稀土为例,在随机需求下分别对“政策引导型”(政府引导企业储备决策)和“补贴激励型”(政府通过补贴激励企业进行储备决策)两类商业储备模式进行了数理建模与决策分析。研究发现,“补贴激励”模式下的储备量、市场价格和企业期望利润更高,而期望销量、政府期望利润、消费者期望剩余和期望社会福利更低。本文还考察了总量指标、单位储备补贴、市场规模、单位储备收益、单位储备成本及价格敏感系数等参数对决策结果的影响。研究结果为企业联合优化稀有金属储备和定价,以及政府通过总量调控管理和储备补贴提升稀有金属供应链绩效提供了若干管理启示。

关键词: 稀有金属, 商业储备, 定价, 总量调控管理, 最优决策

Abstract:

Rare metals stand as a crucial cornerstone for the advancement of strategic emerging industries. In order to foster high-quality development of the rare metals sector, China enforces a system of total control management over rare metals, while steadily enhancing a reserve system that integrates physical reserves with mineral deposit reserves. Among these measures, commercial (enterprise) reserves constitute a significant approach to the physical reserves of rare metals. Taking rare earths as an example, mathematical modeling and decision analysis under stochastic demand for two types of commercial reserve models are conducted: the “policy-guided” model (where government guides firm’s reserve decisions) and the “subsidy-incentive” model (where the government incentivizes reserve decisions through subsidies). The results show that in the “subsidy-incentive” model, the reserve quantity, the market price and the firm’s expected profit are higher, while the expected sales volume, the government's expected profit, the consumer's expected surplus and the social welfare are lower. The influences of the total quota index, the unit reserve subsidy, the market size, the unit reserve revenue/cost, and the price sensitivity coefficient of rare earth products on the decision results are also investigated. Several managerial implications are provided for rare earth firms on the joint optimization of rare earth reserve and pricing, and for governments on the enhancement of rare earth supply chain performance through total quota management and reserve subsidies.

Key words: rare metals, commercial reserve, pricing, total quota management, optimal decision

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