中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 41-59.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0795cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0795
收稿日期:2024-05-20
修回日期:2024-10-14
出版日期:2026-01-25
发布日期:2026-01-29
通讯作者:
陈镇喜
E-mail:chenzx@scut.edu.cn
基金资助:
Zhenxi Chen1(
), Jinghan Li1, Wei Zhang2
Received:2024-05-20
Revised:2024-10-14
Online:2026-01-25
Published:2026-01-29
Contact:
Zhenxi Chen
E-mail:chenzx@scut.edu.cn
摘要:
股价同步性的溯源问题是涉及资本市场效率测度有效性的重要议题。本文基于异质性投资者框架,从理论和实证角度探究微观、宏观层面的理性、非理性因素对股价同步性的影响。研究表明,公司特质信息的融入和个股非理性行为的增强都将弱化股价同步性。市场基本面信息的增加和市场非理性行为的增强将推升股价同步性,且高beta资产的股价同步性相对更高。股价同步性的丰富内涵意味着应用股价同步性测度市场效率是有条件的。以证券分析师的作用为例,本文进一步探讨应用股价同步性推断市场效率的有效性。本文表明证券分析师对股价同步性的缓解作用主要源于公司特质信息融入股价,但证券分析师也将推升部分个股非理性行为。本文基于股价同步性的组成部分重新构建市场效率指标,发现证券分析师能够增强公司特质信息对股价波动的驱动力,提升资本市场效率。本文对如何应用股价同步性度量资本市场配置资源的能力,增强股价同步性研究的现实意义提供了建议与指引。
中图分类号:
陈镇喜,李京翰,张维. 股价同步性——信息与噪声的统一框架[J]. 中国管理科学, 2026, 34(1): 41-59.
Zhenxi Chen,Jinghan Li,Wei Zhang. Stock Return Synchronicity: A Unified Framework of Information and Noise[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(1): 41-59.
表2
变量定义"
| 变量名 | 变量定义 |
|---|---|
| 股价同步性(syn) | 基于 |
| 公司特质信息(σi ) | 个股基本面波动的标准差σi |
| 个股主观随机行为(ai ) | 投资者主观、随机产生的情绪转化ai |
| 个股羊群效应(bi ) | 投资者放弃私人信息产生的从众行为bi |
| 风险暴露beta绝对值(|βi |) | 基于 |
| 资产负债率(lev) | 总负债(元)/总资产(元) |
| 总资产收益率(roa) | 净利润(元)/总资产(元) |
| 机构持股比例(inst) | 各类机构的持股比例总和(%) |
| 审计师质量(big4) | 虚拟变量,四大会计师事务所审计取1,否则为0 |
| 两融标的(short) | 虚拟变量,融资融券标的=1,否则为0 |
| 上市公司规模(size) | 企业总资产(元)的自然对数值 |
| 第一大股东持股比例(tophold) | 第一大股东持股比例(%) |
| 营收增长率(sales) | 营业总收入(元)的增长率 |
| 行业公司数量(num_ind) | 行业内上市公司总数的自然对数值 |
| 行业总资产(size_ind) | 行业内上市公司总资产之和(元)的自然对数值 |
表3
描述性统计"
| 变量 | 观测值 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 25%分位数 | 中位数 | 75%分位数 | 最大值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| syn | 30929 | -0.849 | 0.866 | -3.276 | -1.330 | -0.762 | -0.258 | 0.878 |
| σi | 30929 | 18.670 | 8.683 | 3.508 | 11.615 | 18.210 | 24.546 | 39.651 |
| ai | 30929 | 0.256 | 0.134 | 0.013 | 0.178 | 0.236 | 0.317 | 0.818 |
| bi | 30929 | 3.805 | 6.120 | 0.084 | 0.661 | 1.471 | 3.748 | 37.700 |
| |βi | | 30929 | 1.174 | 0.495 | 0.070 | 0.853 | 1.178 | 1.485 | 2.575 |
| lev | 30929 | 0.414 | 0.197 | 0.054 | 0.255 | 0.410 | 0.563 | 0.849 |
| roa | 30929 | 0.042 | 0.055 | -0.190 | 0.016 | 0.039 | 0.069 | 0.198 |
| inst | 30929 | 44.969 | 25.526 | 0.203 | 23.649 | 46.613 | 65.645 | 92.913 |
| big4 | 30929 | 0.065 | 0.246 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| short | 30929 | 0.372 | 0.483 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| size | 30929 | 22.259 | 1.289 | 20.087 | 21.320 | 22.056 | 22.985 | 26.352 |
| tophold | 30929 | 34.503 | 14.905 | 8.421 | 22.943 | 32.361 | 44.630 | 74.890 |
| sales | 30929 | 0.163 | 0.341 | -0.502 | -0.015 | 0.112 | 0.269 | 1.897 |
| num_ind | 30929 | 4.526 | 1.011 | 1.946 | 3.850 | 4.644 | 5.380 | 6.297 |
| size_ind | 30929 | 27.450 | 1.276 | 23.809 | 26.733 | 27.641 | 28.321 | 30.080 |
表4
公司层面的理性和非理性因素对股价同步性的作用"
| (1) | (2) | |
|---|---|---|
| syn | syn | |
| σi | -0.025*** | -0.024*** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| ai | -0.798*** | -0.802*** |
| (0.028) | (0.029) | |
| bi | -0.006*** | -0.005*** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| |βi | | 0.512*** | 0.506*** |
| (0.008) | (0.009) | |
| L.lev | -0.263*** | |
| (0.039) | ||
| L.roa | 1.030*** | |
| (0.083) | ||
| L.inst | -0.002*** | |
| (0.000) | ||
| L.big4 | 0.075** | |
| (0.035) | ||
| L.short | 0.146*** | |
| (0.012) | ||
| L.size | 0.150*** | |
| (0.010) | ||
| L.tophold | -0.003*** | |
| (0.001) | ||
| L.sales | 0.018* | |
| (0.009) | ||
| L.num_ind | 0.320*** | |
| (0.026) | ||
| L.size_ind | 0.029 | |
| (0.019) | ||
| _cons | -0.030 | -5.310*** |
| (0.024) | (0.491) | |
| 个体效应 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 时间效应 | 控制 | 控制 |
| R2 | 0.712 | 0.737 |
| adj. R2 | 0.712 | 0.737 |
| N | 30929 | 26459 |
表5
公司层面变量的稳健性检验"
| 工具变量 | 更换同步性测度方式 | 知情交易 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
| syn | syn_capm | syn_mi5 | syn_ff3 | syn_ff5 | syn_ch3 | syn_ch4 | syn | |
| σi | -0.033*** | -0.045*** | -0.010*** | -0.019*** | -0.016*** | -0.017*** | -0.015*** | -0.024*** |
| (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| ai | -0.944*** | -1.405*** | -0.353*** | -0.637*** | -0.554*** | -0.616*** | -0.549*** | -0.796*** |
| (0.133) | (0.034) | (0.027) | (0.031) | (0.031) | (0.031) | (0.030) | (0.029) | |
| bi | -0.018*** | -0.001* | -0.005*** | -0.006*** | -0.006*** | -0.006*** | -0.006*** | -0.005*** |
| (0.003) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| |βi | | 0.660*** | 1.899*** | 0.307*** | 0.144*** | 0.023*** | 0.184*** | 0.159*** | 0.505*** |
| (0.022) | (0.018) | (0.009) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.006) | (0.005) | (0.009) | |
| L.lev | -0.255*** | -0.217*** | -0.299*** | -0.207*** | -0.236*** | -0.307*** | -0.302*** | -0.263*** |
| (0.040) | (0.033) | (0.046) | (0.046) | (0.045) | (0.045) | (0.044) | (0.039) | |
| L.roa | 1.032*** | 0.669*** | 1.203*** | 0.914*** | 0.569*** | 0.812*** | 0.860*** | 1.037*** |
| (0.085) | (0.068) | (0.094) | (0.095) | (0.093) | (0.094) | (0.091) | (0.083) | |
| L.inst | -0.001*** | -0.001*** | -0.000 | -0.002*** | -0.002*** | -0.001*** | -0.002*** | -0.002*** |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
| L.big4 | 0.072** | 0.021 | 0.034 | 0.013 | 0.001 | 0.053 | 0.052 | 0.073** |
| (0.035) | (0.032) | (0.042) | (0.040) | (0.040) | (0.041) | (0.040) | (0.035) | |
| L.short | 0.119*** | 0.112*** | 0.120*** | 0.152*** | 0.146*** | 0.152*** | 0.146*** | 0.146*** |
| (0.012) | (0.010) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.012) | |
| L.size | 0.130*** | 0.134*** | 0.196*** | 0.139*** | 0.110*** | 0.140*** | 0.138*** | 0.151*** |
| (0.011) | (0.009) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.011) | (0.010) | |
| L.tophold | -0.002*** | -0.002*** | -0.003*** | -0.004*** | -0.003*** | -0.003*** | -0.003*** | -0.003*** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| L.sales | 0.031*** | -0.002 | 0.015 | 0.008 | -0.000 | -0.005 | -0.004 | 0.018* |
| (0.010) | (0.008) | (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.009) | |
| L.num_ind | 0.282*** | 0.185*** | -0.225*** | 0.130*** | 0.068** | 0.142*** | 0.127*** | 0.324*** |
| (0.026) | (0.020) | (0.031) | (0.029) | (0.029) | (0.029) | (0.028) | (0.026) | |
| L.size_ind | 0.017 | 0.026* | -0.094*** | 0.077*** | -0.010 | 0.050** | 0.021 | 0.029 |
| (0.019) | (0.016) | (0.026) | (0.022) | (0.021) | (0.022) | (0.022) | (0.019) | |
| iftrade | -0.118*** | |||||||
| (0.027) | ||||||||
| _cons | -4.372*** | -5.571*** | -0.674 | -5.045*** | -1.773*** | -4.473*** | -3.670*** | -5.367*** |
| (0.496) | (0.396) | (0.651) | (0.574) | (0.547) | (0.565) | (0.552) | (0.491) | |
| 个体效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 时间效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| R2 | 0.721 | 0.831 | 0.583 | 0.540 | 0.512 | 0.550 | 0.532 | 0.738 |
| adj. R2 | -- | 0.831 | 0.582 | 0.539 | 0.512 | 0.549 | 0.532 | 0.737 |
| N | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 |
表6
市场层面的理性和非理性因素对股价同步性的作用"
| 基准结论 | 工具变量 | 更换同步性测度方式 | 知情交易 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | |
| syn | syn | syn | syn_capm | syn_mi5 | syn_ff3 | syn_ff5 | syn_ch3 | syn_ch4 | syn | |
| σi | -0.025*** | -0.026*** | -0.044*** | -0.044*** | -0.010*** | -0.020*** | -0.016*** | -0.018*** | -0.016*** | -0.026*** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| ai | -0.691*** | -0.847*** | -1.358*** | -1.412*** | -0.360*** | -0.628*** | -0.549*** | -0.618*** | -0.554*** | -0.846*** |
| (0.030) | (0.032) | (0.152) | (0.035) | (0.028) | (0.032) | (0.031) | (0.031) | (0.030) | (0.032) | |
| bi | -0.002*** | -0.006*** | -0.040*** | -0.004*** | -0.004*** | -0.006*** | -0.005*** | -0.006*** | -0.006*** | -0.006*** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.004) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| σm | 0.012*** | 0.011*** | 0.024*** | 0.022*** | 0.013*** | 0.022*** | 0.021*** | 0.023*** | 0.017*** | 0.011*** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| am | 7.420*** | 8.441*** | 8.960*** | 8.545*** | 6.480*** | 7.268*** | 6.807*** | 7.044*** | 6.795*** | 8.445*** |
| (0.048) | (0.053) | (0.083) | (0.053) | (0.059) | (0.064) | (0.061) | (0.061) | (0.060) | (0.054) | |
| bm | 0.068*** | 0.102*** | 0.214*** | 0.178*** | 0.025*** | 0.047*** | 0.039*** | 0.043*** | 0.081*** | 0.102*** |
| (0.006) | (0.007) | (0.011) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | |
| |βi | | 0.554*** | 0.541*** | 0.753*** | 1.852*** | 0.327*** | 0.121*** | 0.015*** | 0.165*** | 0.149*** | 0.541*** |
| (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.018) | (0.017) | (0.009) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.006) | (0.005) | (0.008) | |
| L.lev | -0.108** | -0.108** | -0.117*** | -0.238*** | -0.098** | -0.160*** | -0.188*** | -0.204*** | -0.108** | |
| (0.042) | (0.047) | (0.035) | (0.046) | (0.048) | (0.046) | (0.047) | (0.045) | (0.042) | ||
| L.roa | 1.213*** | 1.178*** | 0.885*** | 1.227*** | 0.999*** | 0.647*** | 0.930*** | 0.973*** | 1.214*** | |
| (0.089) | (0.096) | (0.075) | (0.095) | (0.099) | (0.095) | (0.097) | (0.094) | (0.089) | ||
| L.inst | -0.001*** | 0.001* | -0.001*** | 0.000 | -0.001*** | -0.002*** | -0.001* | -0.001** | -0.001*** | |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | ||
| L.big4 | 0.076** | 0.066* | 0.027 | 0.036 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.051 | 0.052 | 0.076** | |
| (0.038) | (0.038) | (0.033) | (0.043) | (0.042) | (0.040) | (0.043) | (0.041) | (0.038) | ||
| L.short | 0.089*** | 0.039*** | 0.037*** | 0.123*** | 0.122*** | 0.131*** | 0.117*** | 0.114*** | 0.087*** | |
| (0.011) | (0.013) | (0.011) | (0.013) | (0.014) | (0.013) | (0.014) | (0.013) | (0.012) | ||
| L.size | 0.087*** | 0.055*** | 0.094*** | 0.169*** | 0.089*** | 0.078*** | 0.094*** | 0.098*** | 0.090*** | |
| (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.009) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.011) | ||
| L.tophold | -0.002*** | -0.001* | -0.001 | -0.002*** | -0.004*** | -0.003*** | -0.003*** | -0.003*** | -0.002*** | |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | ||
| L.sales | 0.001 | 0.023* | -0.032*** | 0.015 | 0.007 | 0.003 | -0.007 | -0.008 | 0.001 | |
| (0.010) | (0.012) | (0.008) | (0.010) | (0.011) | (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.010) | ||
| L.num_ind | 0.101*** | 0.053* | 0.041** | -0.278*** | -0.037 | -0.040 | -0.021 | -0.018 | 0.102*** | |
| (0.027) | (0.029) | (0.021) | (0.031) | (0.028) | (0.028) | (0.029) | (0.028) | (0.027) | ||
| L.size_ind | -0.377*** | -0.354*** | -0.283*** | -0.219*** | -0.261*** | -0.225*** | -0.287*** | -0.276*** | -0.377*** | |
| (0.015) | (0.016) | (0.012) | (0.017) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.015) | ||
| iftrade | -0.016 | |||||||||
| (0.028) | ||||||||||
| _cons | -0.270*** | 7.320*** | 7.459*** | 3.098*** | 3.008*** | 5.039*** | 4.488*** | 5.484*** | 5.091*** | 7.317*** |
| (0.024) | (0.281) | (0.324) | (0.226) | (0.329) | (0.307) | (0.294) | (0.300) | (0.293) | (0.281) | |
| 个体效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 时间效应 | 不控制 | 不控制 | 不控制 | 不控制 | 不控制 | 不控制 | 不控制 | 不控制 | 不控制 | 不控制 |
| 国际市场 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| R2 | 0.620 | 0.700 | 0.616 | 0.802 | 0.563 | 0.510 | 0.490 | 0.521 | 0.506 | 0.700 |
| adj. R2 | 0.620 | 0.700 | -- | 0.802 | 0.563 | 0.510 | 0.489 | 0.521 | 0.505 | 0.700 |
| N | 30929 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 |
表7
证券分析师对股价同步性的作用"
| 理性/非理性变量的作用 | 相关分析 | 重构股价信息含量 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
| syn | syn | syn | syn | analyst | fund | fund2 | |
| analyst | -0.042*** | -0.032*** | -0.017*** | -0.001 | 0.022*** | 0.131*** | |
| (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.002) | (0.025) | ||
| σi | -0.019*** | -0.024*** | 0.018*** | ||||
| (0.000) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |||||
| ai | -0.314*** | -0.802*** | 0.647*** | ||||
| (0.025) | (0.030) | (0.040) | |||||
| bi | -0.015*** | -0.005*** | 0.000 | ||||
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |||||
| |βi | | 0.399*** | 0.417*** | 0.467*** | 0.506*** | -0.054*** | 0.048*** | 0.298*** |
| (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.011) | (0.003) | (0.037) | |
| L.lev | -0.330*** | -0.344*** | -0.278*** | -0.263*** | -0.152* | 0.049*** | 0.153 |
| (0.041) | (0.040) | (0.039) | (0.039) | (0.086) | (0.016) | (0.172) | |
| L.roa | 1.326*** | 1.317*** | 1.135*** | 1.033*** | 4.107*** | -0.149*** | -1.082*** |
| (0.092) | (0.090) | (0.087) | (0.085) | (0.166) | (0.034) | (0.353) | |
| L.inst | -0.003*** | -0.003*** | -0.003*** | -0.002*** | 0.016*** | 0.001*** | 0.006*** |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.001) | (0.000) | (0.002) | |
| L.big4 | 0.080** | 0.074** | 0.076** | 0.075** | 0.020 | -0.010 | -0.062 |
| (0.037) | (0.037) | (0.036) | (0.035) | (0.068) | (0.013) | (0.083) | |
| L.short | 0.182*** | 0.167*** | 0.159*** | 0.146*** | 0.034 | -0.018*** | -0.131** |
| (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.023) | (0.005) | (0.056) | |
| L.size | 0.179*** | 0.168*** | 0.158*** | 0.150*** | 0.231*** | -0.020*** | -0.108*** |
| (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.010) | (0.024) | (0.004) | (0.041) | |
| L.tophold | -0.003*** | -0.002*** | -0.002*** | -0.003*** | -0.007*** | 0.000 | -0.000 |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.000) | (0.002) | |
| L.sales | 0.012 | 0.022** | 0.013 | 0.018* | 0.138*** | -0.000 | 0.038 |
| (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.009) | (0.016) | (0.004) | (0.039) | |
| L.num_ind | 0.358*** | 0.336*** | 0.333*** | 0.320*** | 0.128** | -0.019* | -0.132 |
| (0.028) | (0.027) | (0.026) | (0.026) | (0.058) | (0.010) | (0.090) | |
| L.size_ind | 0.052** | 0.046** | 0.037* | 0.030 | 0.042 | -0.008 | 0.044 |
| (0.021) | (0.020) | (0.020) | (0.019) | (0.047) | (0.008) | (0.084) | |
| _cons | -7.154*** | -6.613*** | -5.978*** | -5.315*** | -5.787*** | 0.989*** | 0.457 |
| (0.527) | (0.514) | (0.506) | (0.492) | (1.215) | (0.194) | (2.150) | |
| 个体效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 时间效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| R2 | 0.704 | 0.714 | 0.725 | 0.737 | 0.282 | 0.123 | 0.031 |
| adj. R2 | 0.704 | 0.713 | 0.725 | 0.737 | 0.281 | 0.122 | 0.031 |
| N | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26459 | 26457 |
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