基于价值流动的服务型制造协调超GERT网络

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0149

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

服务型制造正推动制造业与服务业加速融合。伴随要素集聚配置的改善，服务型制造创造出新的价值增值并推动生产质量提升。首先，本文梳理了服务型制造与价值增值间的联系，明确了制造价值流、服务价值流、创新价值流引导下的网络层次，并最终形成服务型制造系统。结合网络原则和偏好效用，构建服务型制造超网络系统。其次，基于超网络的均衡表达和价值流解，结合服务型制造的生产运作节点特征和GERT网络关系，构建服务型制造超GERT网络系统，明确多维价值流动下的服务型制造价值增值机理。最后，基于超GERT网络的实证结果，从静态与动态视角分别剖析服务型制造价值增值的演变情况，并解析价值增值的调整机制。研究发现：（1）价值网络中，制造关系下的制造价值流伴随产业链形成“U”型格局；围绕市场的服务价值流较强，服务网络中的价值流呈现“V”型流动趋势；创新价值网络主要依附于创新链展开，具有点状散发性特征趋势。（2）内蕴价值流的增多导致服务型制造价值增值的不稳定，优化价值增值下的投入产出体系，是引导服务型制造企业超越传统发展模式的关键。（3）服务型制造价值增值在投入产出侧呈现显著差异化，但整体价值结构性能较优，且各节点价值增值能力较强。（4）各节点对各类价值流的依赖偏好不同，但存在明显的价值流动边际效用递减规律。价值增值过程中必须剥离无效价值流。

关键词: 服务型制造, 价值流动, 协调超网络, 均衡分析, 仿真分析, 价值网络

Abstract:

Service oriented manufacturing is promoting the accelerated integration of manufacturing and service industries. With the improvement of factor agglomeration configuration， service-oriented manufacturing creates new value added and promotes the improvement of production quality. However， in practice， there are many difficulties in generating value-added capabilities for service-oriented manufacturing. On the one hand， service-oriented manufacturing faces coordination difficulties in manufacturing， service， and innovation activities； On the other hand， there are too many elements within service-oriented manufacturing that need to be sorted out， and the insufficient flow of elements may lead to the suppression of value appreciation. In this context， a conceptual system of service-oriented manufacturing is constructed and the network structure of service-oriented manufacturing is examined. Form a network of manufacturing， service， and innovation activities based on production and operation relationships. Secondly， based on the analysis of the relationship between service-oriented manufacturing and value added， a network hierarchy guided by manufacturing value flow， service value flow， and innovation value flow is constructed. Combining network principles and preference utility， a service-oriented manufacturing super network system is constructed. Then， based on the balanced expression and value flow solution of the hypernetwork， combined with the production operation node characteristics and GERT network relationships of service-oriented manufacturing， a service-oriented manufacturing hyperGERT network system is constructed to clarify the value-added mechanism of service-oriented manufacturing under multi-dimensional value flow. Finally， the scale of value added at each node is calculated within service-oriented manufacturing $E y (m) = ∂ ∂ S m W i j (S 1, S 2, …, S m, …, S n) W i j (0,0, …, 0, …, 0) S 1 = S 2 = … = S m = … = S n = 0$ ， and the evolution of value added in service-oriented manufacturing is analyzed from both static and dynamic perspectives， as well as the adjustment mechanism for value added. Research has found that：（1） in the value network， the manufacturing value flow under manufacturing relationships forms a “U” pattern along the industrial chain； The service value flow around the market is strong， and the value flow in the service network shows a “√” flow trend； The innovation value network mainly relies on the innovation chain to expand， with a trend of point like emission characteristics. （2） The increase in intrinsic value flow leads to the disorder of value-added in service-oriented manufacturing. Optimizing the input-output system under value allocation is the key to guiding service-oriented manufacturing enterprises to surpass traditional development models；（3） The value-added of service-oriented manufacturing shows significant differentiation on the input-output side， but the overall value structure performance is better， and the value-added ability of each node is good；（4） Each node has different preferences for dependence on various value flows， but there is a clear law of diminishing marginal utility of value flows. During the process of value appreciation， invalid value streams must be stripped off.

Key words: service-oriented manufacturing, value flow, coordination supernetwork, equilibrium analysis, simulation analysis, value network

中图分类号:

F272

刘宏笪,赵海峰,张颖. 基于价值流动的服务型制造协调超GERT网络[J]. 中国管理科学, 2025, 33(11): 125-138.

Hongda Liu,Haifeng Zhao,Ying Zhang. Service-oriented Manufacturing Coordination Super-GERT Network Based on Value Flow[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(11): 125-138.

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链际活动	概率	价值流效用参数				贡献度
链际活动	概率	M	S	O	E	M	S	O	E
(1,1)	0.27	0.262	0.405	0.562	0.785	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
(1,2)	0.32	0.318	0.322	0.713	0.813
(1,3)	0.12	0.402	0.266	0.294	0.614
(1,5)	0.04	0.281	0.395	0.273	0.362
(1,6)	0.25	0.514	0.273	0.402	0.703
(2,2)	0.38	0.136	0.377	0.683	0.516	0.05	0.35	0.25	0.35
(2,6)	0.53	0.378	0.362	0.617	0.582	0.05	0.35	0.25	0.35
(3,3)	0.10	0.306	0.295	0.342	0.407	0.3	0.15	0.15	0.4
(3,4)	0.23	0.416	0.317	0.368	0.479
(3,5)	0.05	0.298	0.301	0.267	0.392
(3,6)	0.56	0.601	0.372	0.353	0.639
(4,4)	0.22	0.311	0.396	0.361	0.403	0.25	0.4	0.1	0.25
(4,5)	0.04	0.325	0.299	0.281	0.307
(4,6)	0.43	0.503	0.322	0.317	0.486
(4,7)	0.26	0.329	0.387	0.336	0.422
(5,5)	0.17	0.298	0.374	0.369	0.391	0.35	0.15	0.25	0.25
(5,6)	0.40	0.407	0.341	0.362	0.439
(5,7)	0.36	0.298	0.416	0.402	0.491
(6,6)	0.63	0.523	0.298	0.474	0.602
(6,7)	0.34	0.424	0.467	0.413	0.471
(7,7)	0.32	0.193	0.581	0.505	0.469	0.2	0.4	0.25	0.15
(7,8)	0.68	0.201	0.628	0.699	0.562	0.2	0.4	0.25	0.15

维度	节点	价值转移概率P	价值增值量					价值增值系数N
维度	节点	价值转移概率P	制造价值增量M	服务价值增量S	创新价值增量O	要素价值增量E	价值增量总和V	制造价值增量系数	服务价值增量系数	创新价值增量系数	要素价值增量系数	价值增值总和系数
产出视角	(1,8)	0.982	2.08122	2.04804	2.39277	2.41998	8.94202	3.11937	3.08558	3.43664	3.46434	10.10593
	(2,8)	0.77829	1.5485	1.72806	2.44623	2.33354	8.05632	2.98962	3.22034	4.14309	3.9983	11.35135
	(3,8)	0.84233	1.19226	1.0893	1.32071	1.542	5.14428	2.41543	2.2932	2.56792	2.83064	7.10719
	(4,8)	0.33634	1.41834	1.73228	1.86129	1.9982	7.01012	5.217	6.1504	6.53395	6.94102	21.84237
	(5,8)	0.87255	1.18524	1.60675	1.74517	1.80652	6.34368	2.35837	2.84145	3.0001	3.0704	8.27032
	(6,8)	0.91053	1.44859	1.69982	1.95093	2.05862	7.15797	2.59093	2.86686	3.14264	3.26091	8.86134
	(7,8)	1	0.29175	0.90118	0.93645	0.78252	2.9119	1.29175	1.90118	1.93645	1.78252	3.9119
投入视角	(1,7)	0.41224	0.57559	0.34415	0.44574	0.59712	1.96259	2.39624	1.83481	2.08125	2.44846	5.76075
	(1,6)	0.31587	1.33985	1.13203	1.2323	1.41976	5.12395	5.24184	4.58388	4.90134	5.49482	17.22187
	(1,5)	0.03448	0.02579	0.02417	0.01994	0.03096	0.10086	1.74802	1.70115	1.57844	1.8979	3.92552
	(1,4)	0.04209	0.03993	0.03224	0.03824	0.06018	0.17059	1.94868	1.76589	1.90855	2.42979	5.05291
	(1,3)	0.16498	0.08246	0.06883	0.08312	0.14965	0.38407	1.49982	1.41722	1.50384	1.9071	3.32798
	(1,2)	0.44324	0.16137	0.14615	0.29382	0.40322	1.00456	1.36406	1.32974	1.6629	1.90972	3.26641
	(1,1)	0.36986	0.13435	0.20768	0.28818	0.40254	1.03275	1.36324	1.5615	1.77917	2.08835	3.79226

活动 (i,j)	(1,8)		(2,8)		(3,8)		(4,8)
活动 (i,j)	V	变化（%）	V	变化（%）	V	变化（%）	V	变化（%）
基准	8.94202	——	8.05632	——	5.14428	——	7.01012	——
M(+10%)	9.13119	2.12	8.21117	1.92	5.26351	2.32%	7.15195	2.02
M(+20%)	9.31578	4.18	8.35664	3.73	5.37572	4.50%	7.28869	3.97
M(+30%)	9.48238	6.04	8.48125	5.28	5.46794	6.29%	7.41092	5.72
S(+10%)	9.13521	2.16	8.22913	2.15	5.25321	2.12%	7.18335	2.47
S(+20%)	9.32372	4.27	8.39275	4.18	5.35233	4.04%	7.34797	4.82
S(+30%)	9.48998	6.13	8.53512	5.94	5.42873	5.53%	7.4968	6.94
O(+10%)	9.19128	2.79	8.30095	3.04	5.27635	2.57%	7.19625	2.66
O(+20%)	9.42586	5.41	8.53623	5.96	5.39542	4.88%	7.37797	5.25
O(+30%)	9.61056	7.48	8.73121	8.38	5.49688	6.85%	7.5461	7.65
E(+10%)	9.22372	3.15	8.28968	2.90	5.29848	3.00%	7.20994	2.85
E(+20%)	9.49098	6.14	8.49604	5.46	5.43798	5.71%	7.39856	5.54
E(+30%)	9.73662	8.89	8.66232	7.52	5.56931	8.26%	7.57728	8.09
活动 (i,j)	(5,8)		(6,8)		(7,8)
活动 (i,j)	V	变化（%）	V	变化（%）	V	变化（%）
基准	6.34368	——	7.15797	——	2.9119	——
M(+10%)	6.46221	1.87	7.30282	2.02	2.94108	1.00
M(+20%)	6.57663	3.67	7.44069	3.95	2.96825	1.94
M(+30%)	6.67926	5.29	7.57174	5.78	2.97203	2.07
S(+10%)	6.50436	2.53	7.32795	2.38	3.00202	3.10
S(+20%)	6.65823	4.96	7.48683	4.59	3.08754	6.03
S(+30%)	6.79471	7.11	7.62521	6.53	3.16249	8.61
O(+10%)	6.5182	2.75	7.35306	2.73	3.00555	3.22
O(+20%)	6.67982	5.30	7.53965	5.33	3.08617	5.99
O(+30%)	6.82625	7.61	7.70065	7.58	3.15127	8.22
E(+10%)	6.52433	2.85	7.36383	2.88	2.99016	2.69
E(+20%)	6.69929	5.61	7.53519	5.27	3.05931	5.06
E(+30%)	6.85244	8.02	7.67542	7.23	3.11746	7.06

活动 (i,j)	(1,1)		(1,2)		(1,3)		(1,4)
活动 (i,j)	V	变化（%）	V	变化（%）	V	变化（%）	V	变化（%）
基准	1.03275	——	1.00456	——	0.38407	——	0.17059	——
M(+10%)	1.04618	1.30	1.0066	0.20	0.39232	2.15	0.17459	2.34
M(+20%)	1.05739	2.39	1.00812	0.36	0.39856	3.77	0.17824	4.48
M(+30%)	1.06825	3.44	1.01022	0.56	0.39981	4.10	0.18007	5.56
S(+10%)	1.05351	2.01	1.0049	0.03	0.39096	1.79	0.17382	1.89
S(+20%)	1.07182	3.78	1.00512	0.06	0.39663	3.27	0.17592	3.13
S(+30%)	1.08835	5.38	1.00543	0.09	0.40172	4.60	0.17746	4.03
O(+10%)	1.06157	2.79	1.00234	-0.22	0.39238	2.17	0.17442	2.24
O(+20%)	1.08148	4.72	1.00007	-0.45	0.40012	4.18	0.17804	4.37
O(+30%)	1.1018	6.69	0.99339	-1.11	0.402	4.67	0.17997	5.50
E(+10%)	1.073	3.90	1.00885	0.43	0.39904	3.90	0.17661	3.53
E(+20%)	1.10135	6.64	1.01227	0.77	0.41361	7.69	0.18164	6.48
E(+30%)	1.12731	7.76	1.01586	0.92	0.42033	7.14	0.18761	7.46
活动 (i,j)	(1,5)		(1,6)		(1,7)
活动 (i,j)	V	变化（%）	V	变化（%）	V	变化（%）
基准	0.10086	——	5.12395	——	1.96259	——
M(+10%)	0.10344	2.56	5.14183	0.35	2.02097	2.97
M(+20%)	0.10598	5.08	5.15712	0.65	2.06983	5.46
M(+30%)	0.1075	6.58	5.1673	0.85	2.11219	7.62
S(+10%)	0.10328	2.40	5.13715	0.26	1.99683	1.75
S(+20%)	0.10543	4.53	5.14985	0.51	2.02995	3.43
S(+30%)	0.10699	6.08	5.15785	0.66	2.05896	4.91
O(+10%)	0.10286	1.98	5.14718	0.45	2.00809	2.32
O(+20%)	0.10475	3.86	5.16821	0.86	2.04976	4.44
O(+30%)	0.10636	5.46	5.18584	1.21	2.08689	6.33
E(+10%)	0.10396	3.07	5.15638	0.63	2.02332	3.09
E(+20%)	0.10697	6.06	5.17766	1.05	2.08297	6.13
E(+30%)	0.10915	5.52	5.19023	0.94	2.13983	5.88