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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 285-293.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0028cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0028

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双重供需关系下基于信息禀赋差异的均衡采购战略

李新军(), 王利   

  1. 烟台大学经济管理学院,山东 烟台 264005
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-06 修回日期:2023-05-17 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 李新军 E-mail:lixinjun101@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD102);国家社会科学基金项目(25BGL105);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2020MG010);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021MG023)

Balanced Purchasing Strategy Based on Information Endowment Difference under Dual Supply and Demand Relationship

Xinjun Li(), Li Wang   

  1. School of Economic and Management,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China
  • Received:2023-01-06 Revised:2023-05-17 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-12-25
  • Contact: Xinjun Li E-mail:lixinjun101@163.com

摘要:

从信息拥有主体和市场竞争方式的视角,考虑由产销一体商、零售商和外部供应市场构成的两级供应链,零售商拥有市场需求私有信息,利用订货量传递信息,产销一体商采用最大序贯均衡准则制定最优均衡批发价格,存在唯一均衡解。研究结果表明,竞合关系下,产销一体商与零售商利用信号传递进行战略博弈决策,当批发价低于阈值时,存在唯一的分离均衡;当批发价高于阈值时,存在唯一的混同均衡。其中,需求不确定性与外部竞争强度是影响均衡批发价格制定的主要因素。当外部竞争激烈时,零售商在需求不确定性高的情况下收益更高,而产销一体商则与之相反;当外部竞争不激烈时,零售商利用私有信息获得更低的批发价进而获取更高收益,而产销一体商在需求不确定性高的情形下收益有所上升。市场需求信息的价值随着需求不确定性的增加而增加。若产销一体商选择分离均衡,则批发价格接近混同均衡下的批发价格;若产销一体商选择混同均衡,则批发价格接近外部供应市场提供的价格。

关键词: 信息不对称, 分离均衡, 混同均衡, 信号博弈, 采购战略

Abstract:

From the perspective of information ownership and the way of competition in the market. The two-tier supply chain consisting of the integrator of production and marketing, retailers and external supply markets. Retailers have private information of market demand and use order quantities to transmit information. Based on the Lexicographical Maximum Sequential Equilibrium, the integrator of production and marketing analyzes the unique equilibrium and formulates the optimal equilibrium wholesale price to get the unique equilibrium solution. The results show that when the information is shared among supply chains, the integrator of production and marketing and retailers with cooperative competition use signal transmission to make strategic game decisions, under the LMSE criterion, the only separation equilibrium exists when the wholesale price is lower than the threshold value, and the only pooling equilibrium exists when the wholesale price is higher than the threshold value, the uncertainty of demand and the intensity of external competition are the main factors affecting the formulation of equilibrium wholesale price. When the external competition is intense, retailers gain more when the demand uncertainty is high, while the income of the integrator of production and marketing is the opposite; When external competition is not intense, retailers use private information to obtain lower wholesale prices and thus higher profits, while the profits of the integrator of production and marketing increases under the condition of high demand uncertainty. In addition, the value of market demand information increases with the increase of demand uncertainty. Under the separation equilibrium, when the market fluctuation is higher than the threshold value, the profit of the integrator of production and marketing increases with the wholesale price.The wholesale price is set close to the wholesale price under the pooling equilibrium if the integrator of production and marketing chooses the separate equilibrium; If the integrated of production and marketing chooses a pooling equilibrium, the wholesale price is set close to the price offered in the external supply markets. When the demand uncertainty is less than a certain range, separate equilibrium is used when the external competition intensity is relatively high, and pooling equilibrium is used when the external competition intensity is low. When the demand uncertainty is greater than a certain range, only pooling equilibrium can be adopted.This study can be further expanded by, for example, considering cost, other external factors, and risk preference, and exploring the effect of Bertrand-price competition on the profits of both parties; In addition, how other contracts affect the model can be studied.

Key words: information asymmetry, separation equilibrium, pooling equilibrium, signal game, purchasing Strategy

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