Abstract:

In order to solve the climate problem， China’s installed capacity of renewable energy reached about 800 million kW， ranking first in the world. However， with the enlarged scale of renewable energy generation such as hydroelectricity， wind and photovoltaic generation， grid connection consumption is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Due to the intermittence of renewable energy and the insufficient allocation of the electricity system， abandoned wind and light are still prominent in China.Through building large-scale energy storage equipment， the intermittence of renewable energy can be alleviated or even avoided， and unstable electricity can be transformed into stable and high-quality electricity by using energy storage equipment. However， the initial investment in energy storage equipment is too much. Therefore， electricity system enterprises are not highly motivated to invest in energy storage equipment. It is worth exploring that the third-party enterprises invest in energy storage equipment and then lease it to electricity system enterprises. There are three types of leasing modes. The first type is that the generator leases energy storage equipment. For example， the core leasing energy storage equipment of comprehensive energy in Hunan Province contributes to constructing energy storage equipment. The generator leases energy storage equipment to improve access to renewable energy and provides consumers with high-quality electricity. Second， electricity retailer rent energy storage equipment. Third， electricity generators and retailer share the cost of energy storage. It can be seen that the research on the leasing mode of renewable energy storage equipment is not only an urgent concern of the industry but also a topic that needs to be involved in the academic community.The following conclusions are drawn. （1） Compared with the electricity retailer and hybrid leasing mode， the electricity generator leasing mode can provide electricity of higher quality and sound price； （2） When the electricity quality preference coefficient is low， the electricity retailer leasing mode can meet higher renewable energy demand； by contrast， if the coefficient is high， the electricity generator leasing mode can provide more renewable energy. （3） Electricity quality and price increase with the rising unit price of the energy storage， and decrease with the energy storage cost coefficient.The main contributions of this paper are as follows. First， aiming at solving the problem of who would lease energy storage equipment， an electricity supply chain is creatively constructed， composed of a generator， a retailer and lessor， and the impact of different leasing modes is discussed on the decision-making of electricity quality and price， giving some enlightenment for enterprises in the electricity supply chain. Second， existing literature mainly focuses on renewable energy investment， but little considers the investment in energy storage equipment， which is the key to the sustainable development of renewable energy. Therefore， the research on the leasing mode of energy storage equipment will further extend the field of renewable energy investment. Third， under the background of carbon neutrality， the industry will invest in renewable energy storage equipment to support energy reconstructing. Based on this fact， it is pointed out that when the consumer's preference coefficient for electricity quality is small， the retailer leasing mode is more conducive to increasing the demand for renewable energy electricity； when this coefficient is large， the generator leasing mode is more conducive to stimulating the demand for renewable energy. This point will provide theoretical support for lessor to select partners and a basis for the government to formulate relevant policies.

Key words: renewable energy storage equipment, electricity quality, lease model, cost sharing ratio