随着资源的匮乏和环境污染的加剧，越来越多的企业和消费者开始关注废旧产品的回收再制造，然而消费者对再制品的价值评估低于新品。本文针对"集成制造商+独立再制造商"双寡头垄断市场竞争结构下新产品和再制品的差别定价问题提出了两周期博弈模型，研究结果表明：集成制造商可以通过第一周期对新品的合理定价来引导第二周期市场竞争结构以及独立再制造商的盈利能力。数值试验的结论则进一步验证了研究结论，并显示了独立再制造商的再制造成本优势、客户对再制品的价值评估均能影响制造商的新品定价和两寡头各自的利润。
The residual value inherent in used products can make remanufacturing a profitable activity for OEMs, so many OEMS choose to sell remanufactured products. At the same time, there may be third-parties remanufacturers that remanufacture the used products originally sold by the OEM. However, in the academic field of closed-loop supply chain,thus far, few researches has been conducted on investigating the optimal pricing problem of new product and differentiated remanufactured product. In this paper, a two-period game-theoretic model with a monopolist manufacturer in the first period and duopoly of manufacturer and independent remanufacturer in the second period is developed. It is assumed that the OEM may remanufacture the used product returned by customer while manufacturing new product and the third-party remanufacturer competes with the manufacturer by remanufacturing the used product too. It is also assumed that customer's willingness to pay for remanufactured products is less than their willingness to pay for new products. Based on these assumptions, a Stackelberg game is employed to analyzed the OEM and independent remanufacture 's pricing strategies where the former act as the leader and the latter act as a follower.The optimal pricing strategies for the OEM and IR are obtained. The results suggest that, the OEM can use his first period price to blunt the independent remanufacturer's ability to compete in period 2. Based on numerical study, our results show the reduced remanufacturing cost of IR does not influence on the OEM's profitability and its optimal pricing strategy for new products. There exists a threshold on the valuation of remanufactured product for the monopolist. If the valuation is too low, OEM brings its own loss of profits while preventing IR into the market. If the valuation of remanufactured product, IR competes with OEM, that reducing the OEM's profit. These results can help the OEM to choose the optimal pricing strategy for its product to enhance his profit, and give some suggestion on how to guide the consumer perception of remanufactured product for OEM.
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