为了比较政府奖惩机制和税收-补贴机制对于提高逆向供应链回收率的有效性,运用动态博弈论方法建立了逆向供应链的三个回收再制造决策模型,即无政府介入、奖惩机制下以及税收-补贴机制下逆向供应链的决策,并比较了三种情形下的决策结果。研究表明:三种情形下回收率都随着再制造成本优势的增加而提高,其中奖惩机制下的回收率最高;制造商和回收商的利润都随着再制造成本优势的提高而增加,其中奖惩机制下利润提高的幅度较大;制造商的回购价格随着奖惩力度和再制造成本优势的提高而提高,随着单位补贴和再制造成本优势的提高而下降。通过对两种机制决策结果的比较发现,奖惩机制对引导逆向供应链成员积极回收再制造废旧产品比税收-补贴机制更有效。最后通过算例分析进一步验证了上述结论的正确性。
In order to compare the reward-penalty mechanism and the tax-subsidy mechanism for increasing the efficiency of reverse supply chain, collection rate. Three models are established and the results are compared. The three models are no government intervention mechanism, the reward-penalty mechanism and the tax-subsidy mechanism case using the dynamic game theory.This study shows that: the collection rate is increasing with the increase of the remanufacture cost advantage in the three models, and among them, the highest collection rate incurs under the reward-penalty mechanism. When the manufacturer has remanufacturing cost has advantage, the profit of manufacturers and recycler increases with the increasing of the remanufacture cost advantage, and the collection rate increase with the reward-penalty mechanism is the highest among the three models. The manufacturer's buy-back price rises with the increase of the reward-penalty intensity and remanufacture cost advantage, while it decreases with the increasing of the per-unit subsidy and remanufacture cost advantage. It can be safely concluded that the reward-penalty mechanism is the most effective way to encourage the manufacturers, recyclers and consumers. Finally a numerical example is given to prove the above conclusions.
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