零售商引入自有品牌与制造商引入直销渠道是普遍存在的商业现象。研究了零售商引入自有品牌产品和制造商引入直销渠道之间的博弈竞争关系,得出了制造商与零售商的博弈均衡策略。在此基础上,进一步分析了制造商和零售商在不同的博弈均衡下相对于初始状态的利润变化情况,得出了双方可能陷入囚徒困境或双赢的前提条件。研究表明,只有在SB产品质量水平较低且直销渠道销售成本较低的情况下,制造商才有可能由于引入直销渠道而利润改善。而当SB产品的质量达到较高水平时,即使制造商引入直销渠道进行竞争胁迫,零售商引入SB产品利润仍然会得到改善,且不受直销渠道竞争情况的影响。制造商与零售商均进入双赢状态的一个必要条件是自有品牌产品的质量不能超过制造商产品质量的四分之三。当SB产品质量水平较低且直销渠道的销售成本适中的时候,双方陷入囚徒困境。
The introduction of store brand (SB) by retailer and direct channel by manufacturer are very prevailing business phenomenon nowadays. On the one hand, the introduction of SB cannibalizes the demands for national brand (NB) and benefit retailer by upstream entry. On the other hand, the introduction of direct channel may help manufacturer to enhance his competitiveness and mitigate the threat from SB introduction by retailer. In this paper, by using game model, the interplay between them was investigated and both parties' equilibrium strategies were found. Furthermore, the change of parties' profits in contrast to original state were analyzed in this paper. It shows that both parties may fall into prisoner's dilemma or win-win situation and the necessary conditions for these two results are found. The manufacturer's profit can be enhanced with the introduction of direct channel only when the quality level of SB is low and the sale cost of direct channel is low. When the quality level of SB is high, the retailer can benefit from the introduction of SB introduction even facing the competition from manufacturer's direct channel. In this case, retailer's profit is always enhanced and not hurt by the introduction of direct channel by manufacturer. Besides, the necessary condition that the quality of SB product is less than three quarters of the quality of NB product must be satisfied for win-win situation. And the manufacturer and retailer may fall into prisoner's dilemma when the quality level of SB is low and the sale cost of direct channel is moderate.
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