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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 45-61.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1799cstr: 32146.14/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1799

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基于知识图谱网络特征的中国外汇市场系统性风险测度研究

沈嘉贤1, 陈浩智2(), 张卫国1,3   

  1. 1.华南理工大学工商管理学院,广东 广州 510641
    2.中山大学岭南学院,广东 广州 510200
    3.深圳大学管理学院,广东 深圳 518060
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-07 修回日期:2024-12-07 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-07
  • 通讯作者: 陈浩智 E-mail:chenhzh73@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点项目(22AZD039)

Research on Systemic Risk Measurement of Chinas Foreign Exchange Market Based on Knowledge Graph Network Characteristics

Jiaxian Shen1, Haozhi Chen2(), Weiguo Zhang1,3   

  1. 1.School of Business Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China
    2.Lingnan College,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510200,China
    3.College of Management,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China
  • Received:2024-10-07 Revised:2024-12-07 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-07
  • Contact: Haozhi Chen E-mail:chenhzh73@mail.sysu.edu.cn

摘要:

外汇市场系统性风险不仅影响外汇市场健康发展,而且影响整个金融系统稳定。鉴于外汇做市商在外汇市场中扮演着关键角色,本文分析中国外汇市场系统性风险形成与聚集的机理,厘清负面冲击下的外汇市场系统性风险形成渠道,结合知识图谱网络特征与现有三类系统性风险测度指标ΔCoVaR、MES、SRISK,构建中国外汇市场系统性风险测度指标。通过国内外重大事件验证测度指标的有效性,识别外汇市场的系统重要性外汇做市商银行,探究不同冲击渠道下的影响特征。研究结果表明:1)MES能够体现短事件冲击下外汇市场系统性风险水平的变化,即其短期测度效果最好,而SRISK能够体现长事件冲击下外汇市场系统性风险水平的整体变化,即其长期测度效果最好;2)考虑知识图谱网络特征下的指标测度效果要优于不使用网络特征,并且使用CFETS指数作为中国外汇市场指数时的测度效果要优于使用SDR指数和BIS指数;3)长期来看,四大国有银行和交通银行等系统重要性更高,短期来看,地方性银行系统重要性更高;4)在长事件冲击下,对系统重要性高的银行需要加强监管,考虑监管成本时可以适当下调系统重要性较低银行的监管水平。

关键词: 知识图谱网络特征, 中国外汇市场, 系统性风险, 外汇做市商, 系统重要性

Abstract:

With the advancement of economic globalization and financial integration, the risk correlation between the global foreign exchange market and China’s foreign exchange market has become more complex, and the importance of the foreign exchange market to China’s economic development, financial security and opening up has become increasingly prominent. In recent years, major events at home and abroad, such as China-Us trade frictions, the COVID-19 epidemic, the US Federal Reserve’s intensive interest rate hike, and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, have further exacerbated the spread of systemic risks around the world. In order to ensure the healthy operation of the financial market and the stable development of the foreign exchange market, it is necessary to effectively monitor the level of systemic risk in the foreign exchange market. Therefore, accurately measuring the systemic risk of the foreign exchange market has important research value.There are abundant researches on the measurement of systemic risk, but the measurement of systemic risk in China’s foreign exchange market is still relatively blank. Since there is no authoritative and unified definition of systemic risk, based on the existing definition and the characteristics of systemic risk, the systemic risk of foreign exchange market is defined as the sum of the individual risk and the contagion risk of the participants in the foreign exchange market. Under this definition, in order to measure the systemic risk of China’s foreign exchange market, Chinese foreign exchange market-making banks are selected as the main participants in China’s foreign exchange market, the important role of such players in the formation of systemic risk in China’s foreign exchange market is analyzed, and the formation mechanism of systemic risk in China’s foreign exchange market is summarized based on this. And then the systemic risk level of China’s foreign exchange market is effectively measured.Three channels of impact of external events on the foreign exchange market are put forward, with Chinese foreign exchange market makers as the core. Based on the three channels, three measurement mechanisms are put forward from the perspectives of "top-down", "bottom-up" and "whether to consider scale and leverage", and then three corresponding risk measurement methods are chosen: ΔCoVaR, MES and SRISK. At the same time, in order to take into account the increasingly important relevance dimension, the knowledge graph of China’s foreign exchange market is constructed, and the weighted degree centrality is constructed as the characteristic index of the knowledge graph network. Combining three types of risk measurement methods and network characteristics, three types of systematic risk measurement indicators of China’s foreign exchange market are proposed: KN-ΔCoVaR, KN-MES and KN-SRISK. In order to verify the validity of the measurement index of this paper, 13 major events at home and abroad are selected as verification, which are divided into long events and short events, and the effectiveness of the measurement index is illustrated by analyzing the sensitivity of the measurement index to the events.The weekly data from 2016 to 2022 are selected, including the central parity data of 23 currencies, the yield data of 18 foreign exchange market makers, and the data of 3 RMB exchange rate indices (CFETS, SDR, BIS). The validity of systemic risk indicators in the foreign exchange market is verified by empirical evidence. The indicators and indicators under the characteristics of knowledge graph network can effectively measure the short-term and long-term systemic risk level of China’s foreign exchange market under shocks. The use of CFETS as the index of China’s foreign exchange market is more conducive to measuring the systemic risk of China’s foreign exchange market. On this basis, the systematic importance ranking of China’s foreign exchange market makers banks is analyzed, and it is found that in the long run, the four major state-owned banks and Bank of Communications are more important, while in the short run, local banks are more important. Through the simulation of event shocks, the changes in the ranking of the systemic importance of foreign exchange market makers under different impact intensities of the three types of shock channels are analyzed, and the rules are summarized and found as follows: Under the influence of long-term events, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of high systemically important banks (such as CITB), taking into account the supervision cost, the supervision level of low systemically important banks (such as CMSB) can be appropriately reduced.The proposed systematic risk measurement index of China’s foreign exchange market can effectively reflect the impact of major events and provide effective monitoring tools for foreign exchange market regulators. In this paper, the ranking of systemically important forex market makers and their changing characteristics are presented to provide decision-making suggestions for forex market supervision departments.

Key words: knowledge graph network characteristic, China’s foreign exchange market, systemic risk, foreign exchange market makers, systemic importance

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