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中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 109-122.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.1982cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.1982

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临机决策视角下的非常规突发事件应急处置方案生成

陈雪龙1,2(),张钟1,李悦1   

  1. 1.大连理工大学经济管理学院, 辽宁 大连 116024
    2.大连理工大学先进智能研究院, 辽宁 大连 116024
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-26 修回日期:2022-04-28 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 陈雪龙 E-mail:chenxl_dg@dlut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(71974025);国家重点研发计划项目课题(2021YFC3300201);大连市科技创新基金项目(2022JJ12GX012)

Generation of Emergency Response Plan for Unconventional Emergencies from the Perspective of Improvisational Decision-Making

Xuelong Chen1,2(),Zhong Zhang1,Yue Li1   

  1. 1.School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
    2.Institute for Advanced Intelligence, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • Received:2021-09-26 Revised:2022-04-28 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-11-09
  • Contact: Xuelong Chen E-mail:chenxl_dg@dlut.edu.cn

摘要:

为提升非常规突发事件应急处置方案生成的柔性,以临机决策的内涵为基础,以应急处置活动为核心,构建应急处置方案模型;为临机生成满意可行的应急处置方案,以应急处置活动为规划对象,以最小化救援时间、最小化处置成本、资源分配均衡性最优为规划目标,以活动相关的资源、时间、序关系等为约束,建立应急处置方案临机生成的多目标规划模型;辅以带精英策略的非支配排序进化算法及基于模糊集理论的最佳折衷解选取实现多目标规划模型的求解及方案优选,在既有方案的应对能力与当前情境在任意时刻出现“失配”时,通过活动的重组获得行之有效的方案;通过算例验证了提出方法的科学性和有效性。研究结果表明,细粒度的应急处置活动表示提升了应急处置方案的柔性与可重组性,为方案的临机生成提供了基本的活化素材;应急处置活动的时间、资源、优先级等要素的进一步细化,确保了生成方案对非常规突发事件应急处置时间、成本及公平性的要求;应急处置方案临机生成的多目标规划模型及相应求解算法的提出,丰富了临机决策的内涵,同时也提升了临机决策应用于非常规突发事件应急处置方案生成的可操作性及可行性。

关键词: 非常规突发事件, 方案生成, 临机决策, 应急处置活动, 多目标规划

Abstract:

The scenarios of unconventional emergencies are highly complex and uncertain, which means that the generation of emergency response plans must consider the needs of subsequent dynamic adjustment and the generated plans must have the characteristics of flexible adjustment. In addition, there are often multiple conflicting goals in the process of emergency response. How to balance the conflicting goals and make the generated plans more scientific and reasonable is also a problem that must be considered. There is still room for improvement and expansion in the existing researches on the above two aspects. Improvisational decision-making provides an effective mode or means for improvisational generation and dynamic adjustment of emergency response plans for unconventional emergencies, but the operable models and methods in its key links still need to be further studied. In order to improve the flexibility of the generation of emergency response plans for unconventional emergencies, an emergency response plan model is constructed based on the idea of improvisational decision-making and with emergency response activities as the core. For the sake of generating a satisfactory and feasible emergency response plan, taking emergency response activities as the programming objects, and taking resources, time and order relations of emergency response activities as constraints, a multi-objective programming model for improvisational generation of emergency response plans is established to minimize rescue time, minimize response cost and optimize the balance of resource allocation. With the help of the non-dominant ranking evolutionary algorithm with elite strategy and the optimal compromise solution selection based on the fuzzy set theory, the multi-objective programming model is solved and the plan is optimized, so that when there is a “mismatch” between the response ability of the existing plan and the current scenario at any moment, the effective emergency response plan can be obtained through the reconfiguration of emergency response activities. By systematically collecting, analyzing and summarizing relevant survey data obtained from Ministry of Emergency Management, news content, emergency preplans and references, a case study of improvisational generation of the emergency response plan of Yancheng “3.21” chemical plant explosion accident is carried out, and the scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed model and method is verified by solving the case-based problem. The results show that fine-grained representation of emergency response activities improve the flexibility and reconfigurable of emergency response plans, and provide basic active elements for the improvisational generation of emergency response plans. The further refinement of the elements of emergency response activities such as time, resource and priority ensures that the generated plans meet the requirements of time, cost and fairness for emergency response. The proposed multi-objective programming model and the corresponding solving algorithm for improvisational generation of emergency response plans not only enrich the connotation of improvisational decision-making, but also improve the operability and feasibility of the application of improvisational decision-making in the generation of emergency response plans for unconventional emergencies, and then provide some reference for the further improvement and deepening of the theories and methods of emergency decision-making.

Key words: unconventional emergency, plan generation, improvisational decision-making, emergency response activity, multi-objective programming

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