应对潮汐客流的城市轨道交通列车跳站运行优化

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1317

中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 256-263.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1317cstr: 32146.14/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1317

应对潮汐客流的城市轨道交通列车跳站运行优化

梁辉¹, 景云¹^,³(), 田志强²^,⁴, 宋琦², 朱卯午²

^1.北京交通大学交通运输学院，北京 100044
^2.兰州交通大学交通运输学院，甘肃兰州 730070
^3.北京交通大学智慧高铁系统前沿科学中心，北京 100044
^4.兰州交通大学高原铁路运输智慧管控铁路行业重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2022-06-16 修回日期:2022-08-21 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-07
通讯作者: 景云 E-mail:yjing@bjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52372300);中国铁路北京局集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(2023BK02);兰州交通大学交通运输学院青年科学基金项目(YQN202204)

Optimization of Train Skip-stop Operation on Tidal Overcrowded Metro Lines

Hui Liang¹, Yun Jing¹^,³(), Zhiqiang Tian²^,⁴, Qi Song², Maowu Zhu²

^1.School of Traffic and Transportation，Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China
^2.School of Traffic and Transportation，Lanzhou Jiaotong University，Lanzhou 730070，China
^3.Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway Systemss，Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China
^4.Key Laboratory of Railway Industry on Plateau Railway Transportation Intelligent Management and Control，Lanzhou Jiaotong University，Lanzhou 730070，China

Received:2022-06-16 Revised:2022-08-21 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-07
Contact: Yun Jing E-mail:yjing@bjtu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于城市轨道交通潮汐客流在时间和空间的分布不均，造成大客流方向乘客滞留严重和小客流方向列车能力冗余等问题。本文从交通需求的角度出发，分别以滞站人数最小和乘客在车时间最短为优化目标，构建考虑跳站策略的城市轨道交通时刻表优化模型，并采用模拟退火算法进行求解。为验证模型和算法的有效性，以某城市轨道交通线路实际运营数据为背景，结果表明：通过运用调整列车发车间隔和列车跳站的协同优化策略，滞站乘客总人数减少7.1%，总的乘客在车时间减少2.2%。最后，针对跳站次数进行灵敏度分析，可为运营方提供了多种选择策略。

关键词: 城市轨道交通, 潮汐客流, 双目标优化, 列车时刻表, 跳站模式

Abstract:

Due to the uneven distribution of tidal passenger flow in time and space of urban rail transit， the passengers in the direction of large passenger flow are seriously delayed in the station and the train capacity in the direction of small passenger flow is redundant. From the perspective of traffic demand， the minimum number of delayed passengers in the station and the minimum time of passengers in the train is taken as the optimization objectives respectively， and the urban rail transit timetable optimization model considering the skip-stop strategy is constructed and the simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve it. In order to verify the validity of the model and the algorithm， based on the actual operation data of an urban rail transit line， the results show that by using the cooperative optimization strategy of adjusting the train headway and train skip-stop pattern， the total number of delayed passengers in the station is reduced by 7.1%， and the total time of passengers in the train is reduced by 2.2%. Finally， the sensitivity analysis of the number of jumping stations can provide a variety of selection strategies for operators.

Key words: urban rail traffic, tidal passenger flow, bi-objective optimization, train timetable, skip-stop pattern

中图分类号:

U292.4

梁辉, 景云, 田志强, 宋琦, 朱卯午. 应对潮汐客流的城市轨道交通列车跳站运行优化[J]. 中国管理科学, 2025, 33(3): 256-263.

Hui Liang, Yun Jing, Zhiqiang Tian, Qi Song, Maowu Zhu. Optimization of Train Skip-stop Operation on Tidal Overcrowded Metro Lines[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(3): 256-263.

图/表 11

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参考文献 13

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车站	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
等级	高	高	高	高	中	中	中	中	低	低	低
G	60	60	60	60	50	50	50	40	40	40	40	0
D	50	50	50	50	40	40	40	30	30	30	30	0

列车车站	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30	32	34	36	38	40	42	44	46	48
12	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
11	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
10	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
9	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
8	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
7	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
6	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
5	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
4	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
3	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0
2	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0
1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1

跳站次数取值范围	实际跳站次数	滞留乘客总数/人	乘客平均在车时间/分钟	发车间隔/分钟
[50,60)	57	23589	13.2	[5,6,7,2,2,8,4,2,3,4,6,4,4,7,5,3,6,5,6,7,6,3,7,8]
[60,70)	66	24403	13.4	[5,8,6,4,3,6,5,4,3,7,3,6,2,3,6,2,6,4,4,5,5,8,7,8]
[70,80)	76	28797	14.3	[5,6,8,4,3,6,3,4,4,6,3,4,6,2,4,6,3,6,7,2,8,5,7,8]
[80,90)	83	31261	14.6	[5,7,3,2,6,8,2,4,4,3,4,5,6,3,5,4,4,5,4,4,8,8,8,8]
[90,100)	90	32607	15.0	[5,6,4,4,7,5,5,2,5,3,4,8,2,3,2,5,5,6,3,5,8,7,8,8]

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应对潮汐客流的城市轨道交通列车跳站运行优化

Optimization of Train Skip-stop Operation on Tidal Overcrowded Metro Lines

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列车车站	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30	32	34	36	38	40	42	44	46	48
12	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
11	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
10	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
9	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
8	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
7	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
6	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
5	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
4	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
3	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0
2	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0
1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1

列车车站	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30	32	34	36	38	40	42	44	46	48
12	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
11	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
10	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
9	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
8	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
7	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
6	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
5	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
4	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
3	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0
2	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0
1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1

列车车站	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30	32	34	36	38	40	42	44	46	48
12	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
11	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
10	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
9	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
8	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
7	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
6	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0
5	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
4	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1
3	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0
2	1/0	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/0	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/0
1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1