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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 185-196.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.0306

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不同业主支付方式下基于鲁棒性阈值的净现值最大化项目调度优化

王艳婷1, 郑维博2(), 马志强3, 何正文2,4   

  1. 1.青岛科技大学经济与管理学院,山东 青岛 266061
    2.西安交通大学管理学院/过程管理与效率工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
    3.中国石油大学(华东)经济管理学院,山东 青岛 266580
    4.郑州财经学院土木工程学院,河南 郑州 450000
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-19 修回日期:2022-05-11 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 郑维博 E-mail:zhengweb@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72201147);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QG003);教育部人文社科规划项目(22YJC630146)

Robustness Threshold-based Max-NPV Project Scheduling Optimization on Different ClientsPayment Modes

Yanting Wang1, Weibo Zheng2(), Zhiqiang Ma3, Zhengwen He2,4   

  1. 1.College of Economics and Management,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266061,China
    2.School of Management,Xi’an Jiaotong University/ The Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Management & Efficiency Engineering,Xi’an 710049,China
    3.School of Economics and Management,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,China
    4.College of Civil Engineering,Zhengzhou College of Finance and Economics,Zhengzhou 450000,China
  • Received:2022-02-19 Revised:2022-05-11 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-04-29
  • Contact: Weibo Zheng E-mail:zhengweb@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

摘要:

针对不确定环境下业主支付对项目现金流分布与收益的影响,通过添加时间缓冲定义鲁棒性阈值,研究不同业主支付方式下净现值最大化问题。首先,界定问题并构建了不同支付方式下基于鲁棒性阈值约束的两阶段净现值最大化调度优化模型;随后,针对问题NP-hard属性,设计了禁忌搜索启发式算法,并与变邻域启发式算法、多重迭代和随机生成算法进行对比测试,分析关键参数对项目目标影响。结果表明:不同支付方式对承包商净现值有重要影响,进展型支付表现效果最好;同时,合理设置鲁棒性阈值能够增加项目净现值。本文研究为不确定环境下承包商制定最优支付策略与进度安排,确保项目顺利实施并取得最佳收益,提供了定量化决策支持。

关键词: 净现值最大化项目调度, 不同支付方式, 鲁棒性阈值, 优化模型, 启发式算法

Abstract:

In practical project management, there exist many uncertain factors, such as weather changes, shortage of resource supply, untimely capital payment, may influence the activity duration and the contractor’s cash flow arrangement during the whole project implementation process, and finally cause the loss of project profit. At the meanwhile, different clients payment modes determine the time and scales of cash inflow, the project contractor optimizes the arrangement of project activities and cash outflow according to the cash inflow by client, so as to ensure the smooth implementation and completion of the project. Therefore, it has a very important guiding significance for the optimal scheduling and management of cash flow of the actual project, and how to choose a reasonable client payment mode while dealing with the interference of uncertainty factors so that the project can obtain the maximum benefit.Considering the impact of the clients payment modes on project cash flow distribution and profit under uncertain environment, the robust Max-NPV project scheduling optimization problem is studied on different clients payment modes, where time buffer strategy is applied to strengthen the baseline schedule robustness, and at the same time the robustness threshold constraint is formulated. Firstly, the research problem is defined, and on basis of the robustness threshold, a two-stage project payment Max-NPV scheduling optimization model under different payment modes (progress-based, cost-based, time-based, milestone-based) is constructed; The first stage is a robustness maximization scheduling model, to obtain the maximal robustness value and solve the resource constraint based on the resource flow network, and the second stage is to solve the Max-NPV optimization problem under the given robustness threshold constraint. Then, according to the NP-hard property of the problem, a tabu search heuristic algorithm is designed, and considering the algorithms’ neighborhood quantity and search strategy on performance, the variable neighborhood heuristics, multi-start iteration improvement and random generation algorithms are adopted as benchmarks. The four algorithms are tested on a set of randomly generated large scall standard instances, and moreover, the sensitivity of key parameters on project net present value is analyzed.The conclusions of the research are as follows. Firstly, compared with the four algorithms, the designed tabu search algorithm performs better other three algorithms with acceptable time. Then, compared with the four clients payment modes with different algorithms, the results show that different payment modes have an important impact on the contractor’s project net present value, among which, the progress-based payment mode performs the best, and the cost-based and milestone-based rank the second, while the time-based payment mode is the worst. Moreover, the influences of the key parameters including the payment numbers, the project deadline, the payment proportion, the discount rate, the buffer cost per unit time, the robustness threshold coefficient on the project net present value are analyzed, and the following results are drawn: the contractor's net present value increases with the increase of the client payment numbers and the payment proportion, and decreases with the increase of the discount rate, the buffer cost per unit time and the robustness threshold coefficient, and first rises and then decreases with the increase of the project deadline. It is more important to note that, a reasonable robustness threshold can increase the project’s net present value, but too high or too small may induce a decrease conversely.The research in this paper can help project managers to determine the optimal payment strategy and schedule under uncertainty environment, ensuring the smooth implementation and the best benefits of the project. Therefore, it can provide effective decision supports for project scheduling of maximizing the net present value in reality.

Key words: Max-NPV project scheduling, different payment modes, robustness threshold, optimization model, heuristic algorithms

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