基于柔性生产机制的“前港后厂”港口取料机应急调度优化

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.2142

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

港口“多品种，小批量”的原料取配送服务助力钢厂实现JIT生产，但取料机故障等作业突发事件也成为制约“港-钢”连续作业与生产的重要因素。因此，本文基于柔性生产机制提出精细化取料工艺，并以作业完成时间最小化为目标建立取料机应急调度模型，设计IBFA算法进行求解。最后，结合故障事件进行仿真实验，得出并分析了取料机应急调度方案。结果表明，应急调度可有效降低突发事件带来的影响，提高港口作业的柔性和效率，为实现港口物流链与钢厂生产链的无缝衔接提供科学的理论与方法。

关键词: 前港后厂, 应急调度, 柔性生产, 取料机, JIT

Abstract:

With the development of the port industry and the continuous ssprogress of the transformation of traditional industries， the “Port before Factory” was successfully born.The meaning of “Port before Factory” is “the port in front and the steel enterprise in the rear”， which is an innovative form of enhancing the cooperation between the port and the iron and steel enterprise. After the raw materials needed by steel enterprises arrive at the port， its are temporarily stored in the port yard. Then， according to the production needs of steel enterprises， after the reclaiming operation of the reclaimer， the raw materials are delivered to the production line of steel enterprises by the port in a fixed， fixed and quantitative manner. Under this mode， the port reclaiming operation is more frequently driven by the “multi-variety， small-batch” raw material distribution orders of steel enterprises， which puts forward higher requirements for its operation quality and distribution time. And there is uncertainty in the operation of the reclaimer. Therefore， how to deal with the failure of the reclaimer has become the key to affecting the cooperative production of ports and steel enterprises.In order to improve the agility of the reclaiming operation in the yard， the flexible production theory of the manufacturing industry has been introduced into the management of the reclaiming operation in the port， and the refined reclaiming process has been proposed， which includes three aspects： the layout of the yard， the process of the reclaiming operation， and the emergency scheduling scheme of the reclaimer. Among them， in the emergency scheduling scheme， through multiple scheduling， the delayed tasks caused by the failure of the reclaimer are evenly distributed to other equipment， which reduces the impact of emergencies on the overall operation progress.On the basis of the refined reclaiming process， with the goal of minimizing the job completion time of the reclaimer， an emergency scheduling model of the reclaimer is constructed. In addition， since the emergency scheduling of the reclaimer is a nonlinear NP-hard problem， the BFA swarm intelligence algorithm is used to solve it. And in order to improve the performance of the algorithm， the adaptive step size， the optimal flip angle and the expansion of the solution space are improved to make it more suitable for the solution of the model.Finally， based on the real operational data produced by a port operation and a steel enterprise， simulation experiments are used to verify the effectiveness of the algorithms and models. The improved BFA algorithm， the classical BFA algorithm and the classical PSO algorithm are simultaneously used to solve the example. The results show that the improved BFA algorithm has a faster solution speed and a stronger ability to jump out of the local optimum. The working time in the case of a failure of a reclaimer and the working time under the normal working condition of the reclaimer are solved many times， and the optimal result is taken from them. The results show that the optimal job completion time of the former is 90.7866 minutes， and the optimal job completion time of the latter is 107.3372 minutes. Under the condition that the reclaimer fails for 50 minutes， the job completion time of emergency scheduling is increased by 17 minutes， and due to frequent equipment adjustment， the equipment adjustment time is also increased（The working time of the reclaimer includes the adjustment time and the reclaiming time）. Therefore， the increase in operating time is only 1/4 of the failure time （the number of reclaimers in the experiment is 4）. It can be seen from this that emergency scheduling can distribute the impact of downtime to all operating equipment by dynamically allocating operating paths and workloads. It makes full use of the productivity of each equipment， minimizes production delays， and improves the flexibility of port reclaiming operations.A scientific theory and method for the seamless connection of “port-steel” production is provided； at the same time， the refined production process lays the foundation for the construction of smart ports.

Key words: “Port before Factory”, emergency dispatch, flexible production, reclaimer, JIT

中图分类号:

U653

黄肖玲,李壮壮. 基于柔性生产机制的“前港后厂”港口取料机应急调度优化[J]. 中国管理科学, 2024, 32(3): 210-217.

Xiaoling Huang,Zhuangzhuang Li. Optimization of Emergency Dispatching of Port Reclaimers Based on Flexible Production Mechanism of “Port before Factory”[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2024, 32(3): 210-217.

图/表 14

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表1

表2

算法参数设置"

模型	$T m a x$	$S$	$c$	$ω$	$N s$	$P e d$	$N c$	$N r e$	$N e d$
PSO	300	30	2	0.75	-	-	-	-	-
BFA	300	30	-	-	4	0.25	50	2	1
IBFA	300	30	2	0.75	4	0.25	50	2	1

表2

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

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