主管:中国科学院
主办:中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会
   中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院

中国管理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 96-105.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.1684

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基于生物物理经济学思想的碳排放权价值测算模型研究

周家屹1,2,3,冯连勇1(),朱金宏1   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京)经济管理学院, 北京 102249
    2.中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190
    3.中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-23 修回日期:2022-01-13 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-11-03
  • 通讯作者: 冯连勇 E-mail:fenglyenergy@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72274212)

A Model for Calculating the Value of Carbon Emission Rights Based on the Ideas of Biophysical Economics

Jia-yi ZHOU1,2,3,Lian-yong FENG1(),Jin-hong ZHU1   

  1. 1.School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
    2.Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    3.School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2021-08-23 Revised:2022-01-13 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-11-03
  • Contact: Lian-yong FENG E-mail:fenglyenergy@163.com

摘要:

本文提出了一种生物物理经济学思想的碳排放权价值区间测算模型,使用温室气体环境容量价值解释碳排放权内在价值,以区别于使用企业边际减排成本或一级、二级市场价格等博弈结果的解释方法。虽然气候与经济动态综合模型(DICE模型)使用碳排放的社会成本(SCC)概念部分地实现了这个目标,但如果模型经历“排放—碳循环—气候变化—经济损失”的传导后对贴现率过于敏感,那么结果可能会包含较大的主观性。本文首先研究温室气体环境容量的价值形成过程,通过概率分布描述所有影响碳排放权价值的因素;其次使用蒙特卡洛方法对这些因素进行10000次试验,最终得到碳排放权价值概率分布和模型的敏感性分析结果。本文还提出了碳排放权参照价格模型,用于评估每单位碳排放应为本国环境容量生产以及国际碳机制对本国的货币损失所支付的货币量。参照价格是符合《巴黎协定》中“公平以及共同但有区别的责任和各自能力原则”的理论碳价,考虑了不同国情。本文的模型计算完全根据中国实际情况获得关键参数和数据,为中国碳市场健康发展以及气候变化谈判提供理论依据。

关键词: 大气环境容量, 碳排放权价值区间估算模型, 蒙特卡洛方法

Abstract:

Understanding the true value of carbon emission rights is the key to building the EmissionsTrading System.A model for estimating the value range of carbon emission rights is proposed based on the idea of biophysical economics, which explains the intrinsic value of carbon emission rights in terms of environment capacity value, thus distinguishing it from the explanation methods that use marginal abatement costs of enterprises, primary market prices or secondary market prices. Although the DICE model (Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy) partially achieves this goal using the social cost of carbon (SCC), the complex external transmission chain of “emissions-carbon cycle-climate change-economic loss” made the results sensitive to the discount rate.

A solution is proposed that enables carbon value to be measured by probability. Carbon emission rights are a financial derivative whose value is based on greenhouse gases' environment capacity. Greenhouse gases' environment capacity is produced by carbon sequestration activities. The model first examines the value formation process of environment capacity. As the cheapest and mass-producible carbon sink, forestry carbon sinks are used to assess the cost of environment capacity. The Benítez model is drawn on for measuring the cost of carbon sinks, using a probability distribution to describe all the factors that affect the cost of absorbtion, and a Monte Carlo method is used to perform 10,000 trials on these factors. The final report of the probability distribution of the value of carbon emission rights and the sensitivity analysis of the model is obtained.

A mirror price model is also propased for carbon emission rights. The mirror price is the monetary amount that should be paid per unit of carbon emissions for the production of a country's environment capacity and the monetary loss to the country caused by the international carbon mechanism. The mirror price is a theoretical carbon price consistent with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in the Paris Agreement, taking different national circumstances into account. The mirror price can explain the intrinsic drivers of the carbon price.The value of carbon emission rights in China is examined using data on land prices, timber prices, and cedar forests carbon sink. The model can also be applied to value carbon emission rights in other countries.

Key words: atmospheric environment capacity, carbon emission rights value range estimation model, monte Carlo method

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