基于3D打印技术影响成本和需求的双渠道供应链决策研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.0062

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

3D打印技术的应用一方面能提高产品的定制化水平从而提高需求，另一方面也可以降低生产制造成本从而影响双渠道供应链的定制策略。基于3D打印技术对生产成本和产品需求所产生的影响，构建包含一个3D打印技术商、一个制造商和一个零售商组成的双渠道供应链博弈模型，求解制造商主导和技术商主导情形下的最优决策。分析不同主导情形下定制化敏感系数、成本节约系数和技术费对供应链成员决策和利润的影响，并对两种主导情形下的最优决策进行了比较。研究结果表明：存在技术费的取值区间，当技术费在不同区间时，技术商将选择部分定制策略或者完全定制策略；而在制造商和技术商分别主导情形下技术费取值区间的阈值是不同的。

关键词: 定制策略, 博弈论, 3D打印技术, 技术费

Abstract:

With the increasing demand for 3D printing technology applications， the 3D printing technology vendor has become an independent decision-maker in the customized supply chain， and even become the leader of supply chain decision-making. On the one hand， the application of 3D printing technology can improve the customization level of products， thus increasing demand， and on the other hand， it can also reduce manufacturing costs， thus affecting the customization decisions of the dual-channel supply chain. For example， in 2018， BMW used HP ’s 3D printing device hp4200 to produce auto parts， ensuring that customers’ personalized requirements were met in a short time， and in 2014， BMW cooperated with the Faculty of Ergonomics of the Technical University of Munich to produce thumb orthosis using 3D printing technology to assist workers in production， which can improve production efficiency and reduce production costs. Based on the impact of manufacturers’ application of 3D printing technology on cost and demand， a dual-channel supply chain game model consisting of a technology vendor， a manufacturer， and a retailer is constructed to solve the optimal decision under the situation led by the manufacturer and the technology vendor respectively. The influence of the sensitivity coefficient of customization， the coefficient of cost saving and technical fee on supply chain decision-making and profit under different dominant situations is analyzed， and the optimal decision-making under two dominant situations are compared. First， when the impact of customization on demand and cost is different， the level of customization and pricing strategy are different under different dominant situations. Second， technology vendors always strive for supply chain dominance in order to maximize their profits. Third， there is a value interval of technical fee， when the technical fee is in different intervals， the technology vendor will choose partial customization strategy or fully customized strategy， but the threshold of the technical fee interval is different when the manufacturer and the technology vendor are respectively dominant.

Key words: customization strategy, game theory, 3D printing technology, technical fee

中图分类号:

F274

仝萌,李巍. 基于3D打印技术影响成本和需求的双渠道供应链决策研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2023, 31(8): 142-150.

Meng TONG,Wei LI. Decision on Dual-channel Supply Chain Based on 3D Printing Technology Affecting Cost and Demand[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2023, 31(8): 142-150.

图/表 4

图1

表1

P-M策略下τ和ρ对定价的影响"

	$w P - M *$	$p d P - M *$	$p r P - M *$
$τ$	$↓ ↑$	$↓ ↑$	$↓ ↑$
$ρ$	$↓$	$↓$	$↓$

表1

表2

P-T策略下τ和ρ对定价的影响"

	$w P - T *$	$p d P - T *$	$p r P - T *$
$τ$	$↑$	$↑$	$↑$
$ρ$	$↓$	$↓$	$↑ ↓$

表2

图2

参考文献 23

1	Gao Wei， Zhang Yunbo， Ramanujan D， et al. The status， challenges， and future of additive manufacturing in engineering［J］. Computer-Aided Design， 2015， 69：65-98.
2	王忠宏，李扬帆，张曼茵.中国3D打印产业的现状及发展思路［J］.经济纵横，2013（1）：90-93.
	Wang Zhonghong， Li Yangfan， Zhang Manyin. Current situation and development of 3D printing industry in china. ［J］. Economic Review Journal， 2013（1）：90-93.
3	Syam N， Kumar N. On customized goods， standard goods， and competition［J］. Marketing Science， 2006， 25（5）：525-537.
4	Li Gang， Huang Fengfeng， Cheng T C E， et al. Competition between manufacturer’s online customization channel and conventional retailer［J］. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management， 2015， 62（2）：150-157.
5	Wong H， Lesmono D. On the evaluation of product customization strategies in a vertically differentiated market［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2013， 144（1）：105-117.
6	Tookanlou P， Wong H. Determining the optimal customization levels， lead times， and inventory positioning in vertical product differentiation［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2020， DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.08.014 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.08.014
7	Sandrin E， Trentin A， Forza C. Leveraging high-involvement practices to develop mass customization capability： a contingent configurational perspective［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2018， 196：335-345.
8	Takagoshi N， Matsubayashi N. Customization competition between branded firms： continuous extension of product line from core product［J］. European Journal of Operational Research， 2013， 225（2）：337-352.
9	Li D C， Chang F M， Chang S C. The relationship between affecting factors and mass-customisation level： the case of a pigment company in Taiwan［J］. International Journal of Production Research， 2010， 48（18）：5385-5395.
10	Jost P， Süsser T. Company-customer interaction in mass customization［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2019， DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.07.027 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.07.027
11	邵晓峰，季建华. 大规模定制环境下定制产品与标准产品的定价与库存协调研究［J］.中国管理科学，2009，17（6）：109-115.
	Shao Xiaofeng， Ji Jianhua. Research on coordination of pricing and inventory strategies in mass customization ［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science，2009，17（6）：109-115.
12	Mohammad E， Michael R. The impact of 3D printing on manufacturer–retailer supply chains［J］. European Journal of Operational Research，2020，285（2）：538-552.
13	Choi T M， Cheng Ma， Shen Bin， et al. Optimal pricing in mass customization supply chains with risk-averse agents and retail competition［J］. Omega， 2019，88：150-161.
14	王灿友，苏秦，赵丁. 基于3D打印平台的产品定价、设计师努力决策及供应链协调策略［J］.管理学报，2018，15（7）：1059-1068.
	Wang Canyou， Sun Qin， Zhao Ding. Product pricing， designer’s effort decisions and supply chain coordination strategy on 3D printing platform ［J］. Chinese Journal of Management，2018，15（7）：1059-1068.
15	Sun Luoyi， Hua Guowei， Cheng T C E， et al. How to price 3D-printed products？ Pricing strategy for 3D printing platforms［J］.International Journal of Production Economics， 2020， DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107600 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107600
16	Xiao Tiaojun， Choi T M， Cheng T C E. Product variety and channel structure strategy for a retailer-stackelberg supply chain［J］. European Journal of Operational Research， 2014， 233（1）：114-124.
17	Xiao Tiaojun， Choi T M， Cheng T C E. Optimal variety and pricing decisions of a supply Chain with economies of scope［J］. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management， 2015， 62（3）：411-420.
18	Jia Fu， Wang Xiaofeng， Mustafee N， et al. Investigating the feasibility of supply chain-centric business models in 3D chocolate printing： a simulation study［J］. Technological Forecasting & Social Change，2016，102：202-213.
19	Hua Guowei， Wang Shouyang， Cheng T C E. Price and lead time decisions in dual-channel supply chains［J］. European Journal of Operational Research， 2010， 205（1）：113-126.
20	Wang Yunyan， Yu Zhaoqing， Jin Mingzhou， et al. Decisions and coordination of retailer-led low-carbon supply chain under altruistic preference［J］. European Journal of Operational Research， 2021， 293（3）：910-925.
21	Wang Yuyan， Fan Runjie， Shen Liang， et al. Recycling decisions of low-carbon e-commerce closed-loop supply chain under government subsidy mechanism and altruistic preference［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production， 2020， DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120883 . doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120883
22	Agrawal A， Bhattacharya S， Hasija S. Cost-reducing innovation and the role of patent intermediaries in increasing market efficiency［J］. Production and operations management， 2016， 25（2）：173-191.
23	Ma Peng， Wang Haiyan， Shang J. Supply chain channel strategies with quality and marketing effort-dependent demand［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2013， 144（2）：572-581.

[1]	李飚, 夏西强, 赵强. 博弈视角下分类回收对废旧产品回收影响研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2023, 31(8): 261-268.
[2]	陈克兵, 孔颖琪, 雷东. 考虑消费者偏好及渠道权力的可替代产品供应链的定价和绿色投入决策[J]. 中国管理科学, 2023, 31(5): 1-10.
[3]	韩梦圆, 冯良清, 张蕾. 绿色供应链中三重竞争对可替代产品的影响[J]. 中国管理科学, 2023, 31(4): 89-100.
[4]	李忠萍, 王建军. 分级诊疗体系中优质服务能力再配置决策与利益共享协调机制设计[J]. 中国管理科学, 2023, 31(4): 205-217.
[5]	夏西强, 李飚. 政府碳税与补贴政策对外包再制造影响研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2022, 30(9): 105-115.
[6]	丁龙, 胡斌, 常珊. 制造商RFID策略与零售商窜货策略的动态博弈分析[J]. 中国管理科学, 2022, 30(8): 82-94.
[7]	王琦君, 聂佳佳. 炫耀性产品品牌策略：品牌延伸或新品牌？[J]. 中国管理科学, 2022, 30(7): 110-120.
[8]	段玉兰, 王勇. 考虑电商平台服务投资的平台渠道引入策略[J]. 中国管理科学, 2022, 30(5): 167-179.
[9]	刘静, 聂佳佳, 袁红平. 考虑消费者公平偏好的竞争供应链歧视定价研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2022, 30(5): 204-215.
[10]	林莉, 王玉, 吴嘉聪. 消费者视角下中小企业社群动态定制仿真建模及其管理策略研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2022, 30(3): 13-29.
[11]	赵强, 夏西强. 回收宣传模式对废旧产品回收影响及协调机制研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2022, 30(3): 258-268.
[12]	张海强, 杜荣, 艾时钟, 裴庆祺, 马立川. 考虑确权可信能力的知识产权管理平台确权渠道策略研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2022, 30(11): 333-342.
[13]	胡斌, 丁龙, 胡森, 封益航. 制造商售后服务质量决策对灰色市场的影响研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2021, 29(7): 46-56.
[14]	黄帝, 张菊亮. 不同权力结构下碳税对供应链减排水平的影响[J]. 中国管理科学, 2021, 29(7): 57-70.
[15]	王树强, 刘赫, 徐娜, 孟娣. 大气污染物排放权初始分配的区际协调方法研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2021, 29(3): 37-48.