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中国管理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1-8.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2020.0981

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一类自适应的风险预测算法及其应用

王江涛(),蔡雅,郑承利   

  1. 华中师范大学经济与工商管理学院,湖北 武汉 430079
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-27 修回日期:2022-11-10 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 王江涛 E-mail:1983@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金资助项目(19BTJ015)

An Adaptive Algorithm for Prediction of Risk and Its Application

Jiang-tao WANG(),Ya CAI,Cheng-li ZHENG   

  1. School of Economics and Business Administration,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China
  • Received:2020-05-27 Revised:2022-11-10 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-24
  • Contact: Jiang-tao WANG E-mail:1983@163.com

摘要:

本文在充分利用交易信息的基础上,用离散随机过程刻画风险的演变,构建了一类分位数框架下的状态-空间模型来度量和预报风险。为了克服参数估计的困难,使模型具有实用价值,仿照传统卡尔曼滤波的思想,依据模型的设定,本文重构了分位数框架下的增益系数和修正过程,设计了一类新的风险预测算法。该算法的主要优势是,能依据观测数据的更新,自适应地修正已有的预测结果,并利用修正后的结果进行预测分析,从而降低连续预测过程中的误差积累,提高风险预测的准确性。文中理论结果和实证结论都证实了这一点。算法的理论分析及其模拟检验表明,修正之后的结果仍然具有无偏性,但方差却显著降低了。因此基于修正后的数值,再做下一步预测,必将减少整个风险预测过程中的误差积累。实际数据的应用结果显示,相比现有的风险预测方法,文中提出的算法能更加准确地预测出风险大小,而且这种预测优势在极端水平下更加明显。算法的提出既丰富了风险预测的手段,又为恰当规避风险,特别是极端风险,提供技术参考。

关键词: VaR, 卡尔曼滤波, 分位数回归, 风险预测

Abstract:

Timely and accurate forecasting of risks has always been a core issue in the finance. To this end, by making full use of transaction information and taking the discrete stochastic processes to characterize the evolution of risk, a state-space model has been established under the quantile analysis framework in this paper. In order to overcome the difficulty of parameter estimation and make the proposed model have practical value, a new algorithm is constructed in the framework of quantile by reconstructing the gain coefficient and corrected procedure as the way used in the traditional Kalman filter model. The main superiority of our algorithm is that the proposed algorithm could adaptively adjust the existed prediction of risk based on the updated observations and forecast the next value of risk by using the adjusted result so that the accumulation of prediction bias of continuous forecasting process will be reduced dramatically and the precision of risk prediction will be promoted obviously. This superiority has been verified theoretically and empirically. Our theoretical analysis illustrates that the corrected result derived from the corrected procedure keeps unbiased and owns smaller variance compared with the input value of risk. If the prediction is implemented on the basis of the corrected result, it will decline the accumulation of error emerged in the whole process of forecasting, which theoretically uncovers the radical cause of the superiority of our algorithm. Moreover, the empirical conclusion shows the proposed algorithm owns better performance in the application and can realize more accurate risk-prediction comparing with the existing method. Furthermore, the superiority of our algorithm is more obvious in extreme situations. The construction of new algorithm not only enriches the means of risk forecasting, but also provides technical reference for avoiding risks suitably, especially for extreme risks.

Key words: VaR, kalman filtering, quantile regression, risk prediction

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