一种基于时差的工期索赔分析方法

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2020.04.016

中国管理科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 174-185.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2020.04.016

一种基于时差的工期索赔分析方法

张立辉^1,2, 柴剑雪^1,2, 乞建勋¹, 邹鑫³

1. 华北电力大学经济与管理学院, 北京 102206;
2. 新能源电力与低碳发展研究北京市重点实验室(华北电力大学), 北京 102206;
3. 华北电力大学经济管理系, 河北保定 071003

收稿日期:2018-10-10 修回日期:2019-01-15 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-04-30
通讯作者: 柴剑雪(1994-),女(汉族),河北邯郸人,华北电力大学经济与管理学院,博士研究生,研究方向:管理科学与工程,E-mail:chaijianxue1@126.com. E-mail:chaijianxue1@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（71701069）；创新基地培育与发展专项（Z171100002217024）

A Time Claim Method Based on Float

ZHANG Li-hui^1,2, CHAI Jian-xue^1,2, QI Jian-xun¹, ZOU Xin³

1. School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
2. Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development(North China Electric Power University), Beijing 102206, China;
3. Department of Economic Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China

Received:2018-10-10 Revised:2019-01-15 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-04-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 工期索赔问题是目前项目管理中的一类重要问题，针对这一问题出现了多种分析方法，但都不能被普遍接受，一个关键的难点在于多个工序发生延误时工序间相互作用的原理及其对总工期造成的影响尚未研究清楚，导致时差所有权不合理、延误责任分担不公平、索赔分析结果与实际情况不一致等问题。针对这些问题，本文基于时差理论提出了一种分析工期索赔的新方法。本文首先提出了工期延误中的"组合效应"，指多个工序延误时总工期实际延误总量经常不等于每个延误工序单独推迟总工期的分量之和的现象，以组合效应研究为入手点，本文利用CPM网络的时差特性分析了延误工序间相互影响的原理，进而揭示了多工序延误时"组合效应"的规律；然后在此基础上根据组合效应的影响因素确定组合效应在各延误工序中的分摊比例，进一步得出各工序在工期索赔中应承担的责任，由此提出了基于时差的工期索赔分析方法；最后通过一个项目算例将这种方法与目前常用方法进行了比较。由于组合效应清晰地反映了延误工序之间的相互影响及其对总工期影响的内在规律，因此本文提出的方法责任分摊更加公平合理，更加符合实际情况，且借助时差参数实现程序化使其免于频繁的网络更新更便于应用，能够有效弥补目前工期索赔分析方法的不足，为项目管理人员提供一种工期索赔分析的有力工具。

关键词: 网络时差, 工期延误, 工期索赔, 责任分担

Abstract: Scheduling delay is common in construction projects, and effective time claim is the guarantee of the interests of all parties and project benefits when the project duration is delayed. Therefore, it is of great significance to make time claim properly. However, the methods for time claim at present have certain shortcomings and limitations although they have different strengths respectively as well. The key problem is that the principle of interaction among delayed activities and the effect on total duration have not been clarified when several activities are delayed. As a result, time claim is often accompanied by disputes and difficult to deal with. This paper is to propose a new method for time claim analysis based on float which reveals the laws of network change in scheduling delay.
Firstly, the "combination effect", which refers to the phenomenon that the actual delay of total duration is not always equal to the sum of the values that each delay postpones total duration alone, is proposed in this paper. Then,the principle of interaction among delayed activities is studied based on float characteristics in CPM. And the laws of combination effect in multi-activities delay are revealed. The proportion of combination effect for each delayed activity is determined according to the influencing factors of combination effect, and the responsibility of each delayed activity in time claim is further derived. Therefore, a time claim method based on float is proposed.
Finally, a case project is used to demonstrate its capabilities and the advantages of the proposed method are analyzed. Results show that this method can make up for the shortcomings of current common methods. As for the analysis content, the float ownership is more reasonable, and the claim result is fairer for the proposed method. As for the analysis tool, the method can be programmed, thus avoiding the multiple updates of the network.
The contribution of this paper is twofold.First, the combination effect is revealed,and the influence relationship among delayed activities and how this interaction affects the total duration in CPM are figured out. Second, the time claim method proposed in this paper can provide project managers with a powerful tool which can make time claim fairer.

Key words: floats, construction delay, time claim, responsibility sharing

中图分类号:

TU723

张立辉, 柴剑雪, 乞建勋, 邹鑫. 一种基于时差的工期索赔分析方法[J]. 中国管理科学, 2020, 28(4): 174-185.

ZHANG Li-hui, CHAI Jian-xue, QI Jian-xun, ZOU Xin. A Time Claim Method Based on Float[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2020, 28(4): 174-185.

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一种基于时差的工期索赔分析方法

A Time Claim Method Based on Float

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