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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 84-94.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0686

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含虚拟变量的新结构多变量灰色预测模型及其应用

曾波1,2, 张凌波1,3, 刘思峰4(), 尹凤凤5, 夏超6   

  1. 1.重庆工商大学成渝地区双城经济圈建设研究院,重庆 400067
    2.重庆工商大学数学与统计学院,重庆 400067
    3.枣庄学院经济与管理学院,山东 枣庄 277899
    4.西北工业大学管理学院,陕西 西安 710072
    5.南京航空航天大学经济与管理学院,江苏 南京 211106
    6.四川大学商学院,四川 成都 610064
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-03 修回日期:2024-07-06 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 刘思峰 E-mail:sfliu@nwpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72071023);国家自然科学基金项目(72561025);重庆市教委科学技术研究重点项目(KJZD-K202403301);重庆市教委科学技术研究重点项目(KJZD-K202502103);教育部人文社科规划项目(24YJAZH141);重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0380);重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0684);重庆市高等教育教学改革研究重点项目(252102)

A New Structural Multi-variable Grey Forecasting Model with Virtual Variables and Its Application

Bo Zeng1,2, Lingbo Zhang1,3, Sifeng Liu4(), Fengfeng Yin5, Chao Xia6   

  1. 1.Institute for Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone Development,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China
    2.School of Mathematics and Statistics,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China
    3.School of Economics and Management,Zaozhuang University,Zaozhuang 277899,China
    4.School of Management,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China
    5.College of Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China
    6.Business School,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China
  • Received:2024-05-03 Revised:2024-07-06 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-06-18
  • Contact: Sifeng Liu E-mail:sfliu@nwpu.edu.cn

摘要:

科学预测实体变量和虚拟变量(如税收政策)双重因素影响的制造业高新技术企业(简称MH_TE)研发经费,对于规避研发经费使用风险并确保其有序供给具有重要意义。为此,文章首先在多变量灰色预测模型NSGM(1,N)中引入虚拟变量,对NSGM(1,N)模型驱动项结构进行了拓展,在此基础上推导并构建了适用于MH_TE研发经费预测的新结构多变量灰色预测模型DVSGM(1,N),并进一步应用粒子群算法对该模型背景值系数进行了优化;然后,应用DVSGM(1,N)对MH_TE研发经费进行了建模分析,结果显示该模型综合误差仅为1.74%,其性能优于其他三种同类灰色预测模型(2.59%、7.48%、16.05%);最后,应用DVSGM(1,N)对我国MH_TE研发经费进行了预测,并根据预测结果提出了相关对策及建议。本研究成果为预测高新技术企业研发经费提供了一种有效的建模工具,同时对丰富及完善多变量灰色预测模型方法体系具有积极意义。

关键词: 多变量灰色预测模型, 模型结构拓展, 虚拟变量驱动项, MH_TE研发经费预测

Abstract:

In contrast to traditional manufacturing enterprises, research and development (R&D) activities play a more pivotal role in product development, manufacturing, and decision-making processes within manufacturing high-tech enterprises (abbreviated as MH_TE). Accurately forecasting R&D expenditures in MH_TE is essential for mitigating financial risks and ensuring a stable supply of resources. The factors influencing R&D expenditures can be broadly classified into two categories: Entity variables and Dummy variables. Entity variables are quantifiable metrics, such as the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel, new product development expenditures, patent applications, and effective invention patents. Dummy variables, on the other hand, are qualitative indicators that reflect attributes such as policy influences, typically assigned binary values of 0 or 1 based on their presence or absence. In this study, Dummy variables are incorporated into the multivariate grey prediction model NSGM(1,N), and its driving term structure is extended to develop a novel model DVSGM(1,N), specifically designed for predicting R&D expenditures in MH_TE. The model is optimized using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to minimize relative simulation errors, with constraints applied to the time response and cumulative reduction types. The results demonstrate that DVSGM(1,N) achieves a significantly lower integrated error (1.74%) compared to other grey prediction models (2.59%, 7.48%, and 16.05%), highlighting its superior predictive accuracy. The DVSGM(1,N) model is subsequently applied to forecast R&D expenditures for MH_TE in China, providing valuable insights for policy formulation. The findings indicate that R&D expenditures are projected to reach 3,263,879 million yuan within a decade, underscoring both the substantial financial support for technological advancement and the potential financial strain on enterprises. To address these challenges, it is recommended that enterprises enhance the efficiency of R&D outcomes, while the government should implement measures to alleviate financial burdens and foster effective collaboration between the public and private sectors. Not only a robust tool is provided for predicting R&D expenditures but also the methodological framework of multivariate grey prediction models is advanced by incorporating dummy variables. This innovation enhances the model's completeness and practical applicability, offering a more comprehensive approach to forecasting in the context of MH_TE.

Key words: multivariate grey forecasting model, structure model expansion, dummy variable driving term, R&D expenditures prediction of MH_TE

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