“平急两用”无人机食品配送系统运营建模与优化研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1981

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于受商业模式、地理环境和政策规制等因素限制，“平急两用”无人机食品配送相关实践尚不成熟。为发挥无人机的独特优势，解决地形复杂封闭区域交通不便和防灾能力弱等问题，本文构建了“平急两用”无人机配送系统，提出了全周期投资管理联合优化模型及求解算法。具体而言，结合无人机配送的特点和现实运行约束条件，利用联合运控模式完成从平时状态到应急状态的切换，并设计了改进的混沌自适应遗传算法进行优化求解，同时，使用大规模仿真实验和标准测试集验证了算法的有效性。最后，通过现实案例验证和灾害模拟测试，得出平时和应急两种情况下的联合优化求解结果，并模拟分析灾害发生后将应急配送点纳入优化模型的有效性，表明本文提出的联合优化模型能够实现无人机“平急两用”配送系统经济效益最大化和有效应急，为构建完善的无人机配送体系提供有力支持。

关键词: 平急两用, 无人机配送, 改进的混沌自适应遗传算法, 联合优化

Abstract:

To address the challenges of inconvenient transportation and weak disaster prevention capabilities in closed areas with complex terrain， an optimization model of drone distribution point location and flight route planning is proposed for “dual use of usual and emergency situations”. The model is based on the emergency and emergency reconstruction of food security infrastructure in the closed area with complex terrain. Firstly， the investment and operation mode of drone distribution system， the selection of drone distribution mode and the selection of distribution point construction mode are discussed. Secondly， based on the selection of the above mode， the full life cycle cost of food infrastructure construction and operation is considered. The construction cost considered in this system includes the cost of transforming the distribution point to adapt to the operation of drone system， the cost of expansion due to insufficient capacity of the distribution point after the new demand is generated， and the cost of drone system due to the addition of new drone and other accessories. The operation cost considered includes the loss cost of drone system， the labor cost due to the addition of porters， the power cost and water cost due to the daily operation of the distribution point and drone transportation； In case of emergency， the main objective of the optimization model constructed in this paper is to minimize the distribution time， meeting the efficiency demand of emergency material distribution， without considering other costs. The main optimization objective is to minimize the sum of construction cost and operation cost of the drone “dual use of usual and emergency situations” distribution system， and reduce the distribution time in case of emergency. To achieve the optimization goal， an improved chaotic adaptive genetic algorithm （ICAGA） is proposed in this paper. Firstly， the joint optimization framework， solution model and optimization algorithm of the “dual use of usual and emergency situations” drone food distribution system are combined by the “dual use of usual and emergency situations” integrated fitness solution method. Then the PWLCM chaotic mapping and the introduction of multi module improved adaptive genetic algorithm are used to improve the optimization speed of genetic algorithm and the ability to jump out of the local optimal solution. Finally， the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed drone emergency and emergency distribution model are verified by a real case in BZ Town， which achieves the goal of “dual use of usual and emergency situations” and maximizes economic benefits at the same time. At the same time， by comparing with the traditional genetic algorithm， chaotic genetic algorithm and adaptive genetic algorithm， it is found that the ICAGA algorithm proposed in this paper performs better in solving speed and the final optimal solution. In addition， an additional disaster simulation test is conducted to verify the ability of drone distribution system based on the model to ensure material supply in the event of disasters. Through the real case verification， disaster simulation test and sensitivity analysis of BZ Town， it is found that the optimization model proposed in this paper can maximize the economic benefits of the “dual use of usual and emergency situations” drone distribution system， and has the robustness to respond to disasters and demand changes， which provides strong support for the construction of a more comprehensive drone distribution system.

Key words: dual use of usual and emergency situations, drone delivery, improved chaos adaptive genetic algorithm, joint optimization

中图分类号:

F505

李玉龙,苏涵,吴国滨. “平急两用”无人机食品配送系统运营建模与优化研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2026, 34(6): 133-145.

Yulong Li,Han Su,Guobin Wu. The Construction and Optimization of a Drone Delivery System for Dual use of Usual and Emergency Situations[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(6): 133-145.

图/表 9

图1

表1

灾害模拟测试结果"

配送点组合中的配送点个数 $k$	删除该配送点组合后将使本系统失效的配送点组合数 $W k$	删除其余配送点后使本系统正常运作的配送点组合数 $w k$	所有可能组合个数 $C n k$
1	无	无	$C 281$ =28
2	无	无	$C 282$ =378
3	无	无	$C 283$ =3276
4	无	无	$C 284$ =20475
5	9个（详细见附录表4）	无	$C 285$ =98280
6	1441个（详细见附录表4）	1个（2,5,9,13,18,25）	$C 286$ =376740

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

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