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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 104-117.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0809cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0809

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“卡脖子”技术识别方法研究进展

蔡梦思, 吕欣()   

  1. 国防科技大学系统工程学院,湖南 长沙 410073
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-24 修回日期:2024-09-23 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 吕欣 E-mail:xin.lu.lab@outlook.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72301285);国家自然科学基金项目(72301288);国家自然科学基金项目(72421002);国家自然科学基金项目(72474223);国家自然科学基金项目(72025405);国家自然科学基金项目(72401039);国家自然科学基金项目(72401289);国家自然科学基金项目(72074033);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(24YJC630128);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ40685);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2024JJ6069);国家博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20230475)

A Review of Identification Methods for “Stuck Neck” Technology

Mengsi Cai, Xin Lv()   

  1. School of Systems Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China
  • Received:2024-05-24 Revised:2024-09-23 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-29
  • Contact: Xin Lv E-mail:xin.lu.lab@outlook.com

摘要:

当前世界百年未有之大变局下,科技竞争日益成为大国博弈的焦点,突破我国“卡脖子”关键核心技术刻不容缓。科学精准地识别并形成“卡脖子”问题清单,可以为实现关键核心技术瓶颈突破和自主可控提供重要依据。本文对“卡脖子”技术识别研究进行综述,具体从“卡脖子”技术内涵、特征和识别方法三个层面系统展开。首先,通过与关键核心技术、颠覆性技术、突破性技术、“杀手锏”技术进行比较,明晰“卡脖子”技术内涵;然后,提出包含五个本质属性和一系列延伸属性的“卡脖子”技术特征框架;最后,总结“卡脖子”技术识别的多种途径、存在问题以及未来趋势。

关键词: “卡脖子”技术, 关键核心技术, 技术识别, 专利分析, 指标体系

Abstract:

Under the unprecedented great changes in the current world, technological competition is increasingly becoming the focus of major power games, thus it is urgent to break through the bottleneck of key core technologies in China. Scientifically and accurately identifying “stuck neck” problems can provide important basis for achieving breakthroughs in key core technology bottlenecks and independent controllability. Researchers have recently explored various ways of identifying “stuck neck” technologies, however, no extant research systematically summarized these efforts. To fill in this research gap, the literature on identification methods of “stuck neck” technology is reviewed, and the existing problems and future trends of “stuck neck” technology identification are summarized.

The relevant literatures published on the academic journal in the field of “stuck neck” technology connotation, characteristics, and identification methods are reviewed. First, it begins with clarifying the connotation of “stuck neck” technology by comparing it with key core technology, disruptive technology, breakthrough technology, and “trump card” technology. Then, a framework of “stuck neck” technology characteristics is proposed, which contains five essential attributes (i.e., key core technology attributes, strategic competitiveness, technical complexity, technological gap, and national security) and a series of extended attributes. According to the main methodology used in the literatures, it summarizes the “stuck neck” technology identification methods into five categories, including Delphi-based methods, indicator evaluation methods, bibliometric-based methods, network analysis methods, and machine learning methods. Finally, it concludes with identifying the research gaps in extant research and discussing some possible future directions.

To summarize, it is found that there is a lack of clear and unified understanding of the “stuck neck” technology and its core attributes, although the majority of scholars declare that the “stuck neck” technology belongs to the category of key core technology. In addition, the various evaluation indicators built by different researchers for identifying “stuck neck” technology show a certain degree of intersection or overlap, and no research has verified the effectiveness of these indicators in cross disciplinary “stuck neck” technology identification. It is also found that few studies have integrated data from invention patents, academic papers, research reports, news reports and other sources, and less empirical research has been conducted on identifying “stuck neck” technical points at the micro level. This review would support the early warning and precise identification of potential “stuck neck” technologies, providing reference and guidance for the deployment of national technology strategies and the original technological breakthroughs in key fields, thereby promoting high-quality economic development and safeguarding national security in China.

Key words: “stuck neck” technology, key core technology, technology identification, patent analysis, indicator system

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