主管:中国科学院
主办:中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会
   中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院

中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 153-163.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1504

• • 上一篇    下一篇

考虑网络货运平台运输服务水平不确定的运输服务外包策略研究

杨琛琛1, 郭晓龙2, 朱扬光1(), 姜文文2   

  1. 1.合肥工业大学经济学院,安徽 合肥 230601
    2.中国科学技术大学管理学院,安徽 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-02 修回日期:2025-04-08 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 朱扬光 E-mail:yanggzhu@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72271225);国家自然科学基金项目(72271078);国家自然科学基金项目(72571266);国家自然科学基金项目(72091215);国家自然科学基金项目(72091210);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2508085JX008)

Transportation Strategies Considering the Service Uncertainty of Online Freight Platforms

Chenchen Yang1, Xiaolong Guo2, Yangguang Zhu1(), Wenwen Jiang2   

  1. 1.School of Economics,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230601 China
    2.School of Management,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China
  • Received:2024-09-02 Revised:2025-04-08 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-09-01
  • Contact: Yangguang Zhu E-mail:yanggzhu@mail.ustc.edu.cn

摘要:

网络货运平台通过整合社会零散运力资源,推动了物流市场的集约化与高效化发展。然而,其服务水平的固有不确定性已成为制约其承接高价值物流业务的关键瓶颈。通过构建由风险规避型托运人、网络货运平台、传统物流服务提供商构成的博弈模型,旨在研究网络货运平台在服务水平不确定下的物流服务承诺策略与定价决策。研究发现:首先,网络货运平台虽会向高风险规避型托运人提供运输服务水平承诺以确保稳定性,但其承诺后的运输服务水平反而低于不承诺时的平均水平,这源于风险责任转移所引致的成本结构变化与努力动机调整。其次,服务承诺并非托运人选择网络货运平台的充分条件,只有当网络货运平台相比传统物流服务提供商具备显著成本优势时,托运人才会选择与之合作。进一步地,本文刻画了不同风险规避程度与成本结构下的策略均衡区域,揭示了“低成本优势+高风险规避”是促成网络货运平台提供承诺并成功获客的关键条件。本研究为理解网络货运平台的运营机制提供了重要的理论解释,并为平台企业与托运人的策略决策提供了管理启示。

关键词: 网络货运平台, 物流服务水平, 服务努力, 运输服务外包, 供应链定价

Abstract:

The emergence of Online Freight Platforms (OFPs) has revolutionized the road freight industry by aggregating fragmented social transportation capacity, enhancing market efficiency, and promoting intensive resource utilization. However, the inherent service uncertainty of OFPs, stemming from their limited control over independent drivers, poses a critical challenge to their ability to serve high-value logistics segments. A game-theoretic model incorporating a risk-averse shipper, an OFP, and a Traditional Logistics Service Provider (TLSP) is developed to investigate the service commitment and pricing strategies of OFPs under service uncertainty. The analysis yields several counterintuitive yet insightful findings. First, while OFPs are inclined to offer service level commitments to highly risk-averse shippers to assure stability, the promised service level under commitment is actually lower than the average level provided without commitment. This paradoxical result arises from the transfer of risk responsibility: when bearing the risk themselves, OFPs are motivated to reduce costly efforts and optimize their cost structure, leading to a stable but lower service output. Second, a service commitment alone is not a sufficient condition for shippers to choose an OFP. Shippers will only opt for an OFP over a TLSP if the former possesses a significant cost advantage (i.e., a lower cost factor for service effort). Furthermore, by characterizing the strategic equilibrium under varying degrees of risk aversion and cost configurations, it is identified that the conjunction of low-cost advantage and high-risk aversion constitutes the critical condition under which an OFP should offer service commitment to secure the shipper’s cooperation. Substantial theoretical contributions are made by unveiling the intricate strategic interactions among participants in the digital freight ecosystem. It provides a novel theoretical explanation for the operational mechanisms of OFPs, particularly the effort adjustment and risk-transfer incentives behind service commitment. Moreover, it offers practical managerial implications for OFPs in designing their service and pricing strategies and guides shippers in making informed outsourcing decisions in the presence of service uncertainty.

Key words: online freight platform, logistics service level, service effort, transportation service outsourcing, supply chain pricing

中图分类号: