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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 347-358.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1357

• • 上一篇    

碳交易机制下废弃物发电技术投资组合优化研究

陈环月, 胡骏翡(), 白思俊   

  1. 西北工业大学管理学院,陕西 西安 710129
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-07 修回日期:2025-05-16 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 胡骏翡 E-mail:hujunfei@nwpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72274155);国家自然科学基金项目(72171195);国家自然科学基金项目(72201209);教育部人文社会科学项目(22YJC630179)

Optimization of Waste-to-Energy Technology Portfolios Under the Carbon Trading Mechanism

Huanyue Chen, Junfei Hu(), Sijun Bai   

  1. School of Management,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Shaanxi 710129,China
  • Received:2024-08-07 Revised:2025-05-16 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-06-18
  • Contact: Junfei Hu E-mail:hujunfei@nwpu.edu.cn

摘要:

废弃物发电技术的建设运营是未来可持续发展的重要方向。对大型废弃物处理企业而言,优化废弃物发电技术的投资组合是实现长期收益和降低投资风险的有效策略。中国核证减排机制(China Certified Emission Reduction, CCER)为备案后的废弃物发电项目提供了碳减排收益,但碳价波动及相关政策变化给废弃物发电技术投资组合带来了额外风险。本文结合实物期权与鲁棒投资组合优化,构建了适用于碳交易机制的废弃物发电技术投资组合决策模型,旨在解决不同废弃物发电技术(垃圾焚烧、农林生物质、沼气发电等)的选择与资金分配优化问题。利用该模型能够量化不确定性环境下参数波动的影响,并通过评估柔性决策的价值,提高投资收益预测的准确性。与传统投资组合模型相比,本研究所提模型更适用于不确定性程度较高的投资决策优化。本研究重点分析了碳交易市场变化对投资组合的影响,设计了多种基于不同市场和政策变化的投资情境,并以陕西废弃物发电项目为案例进行实证分析。结果表明,碳交易市场变化对废弃物发电技术的投资组合决策有显著影响。垃圾焚烧技术因其较高的平均收益,在投资组合中占据了主导地位;农林生物质技术由于需要额外考虑燃料价格的不确定性,在碳价波动率升高的情况下,其投资比例会显著下降。降低碳排放基准会削弱项目的盈利能力,而碳价的提升可以大幅增加投资组合的价值。适度增加碳价波动率可以提升投资组合价值,但过高的波动率可能促使决策者采取更保守的策略,限制投资组合价值的增长。

关键词: 废弃物发电, 碳交易机制, 鲁棒投资组合优化, 实物期权, 技术组合

Abstract:

The construction and operation of waste-to-energy technology represents an important direction for future sustainable development. For large-scale waste management enterprises, optimizing waste-to-energy technology portfolios is an effective strategy to achieve long-term returns and reduce investment risks. The China Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) mechanism provides carbon reduction benefits for registered waste-to-energy projects, but carbon price fluctuations and related policy changes introduce additional risks to portfolios. The options with robust portfolio optimization are combined to construct a waste-to-energy technology portfolio model applicable to carbon trading mechanisms, aiming to address the selection and capital allocation optimization problems for different waste-to-energy technologies (waste incineration, agricultural and forestry biomass, biogas power generation, etc.). The model can quantify the impact of parameter fluctuations in uncertain environments and improve the accuracy of investment return forecasts by evaluating the value of flexible decision-making. Compared with traditional portfolio models, the model proposed in this study is more suitable for investment decision optimization under conditions of high uncertainty. It focuses on analyzing the impact of carbon trading market changes on the investment portfolio, designs multiple investment scenarios based on different market and policy changes, and conducts empirical analysis using waste-to-energy projects in Shaanxi, China as a case study. The results indicate that changes in the carbon trading market have a significant impact on waste-to-energy technology portfolio. Waste incineration, due to its higher average returns, holds a dominant position in the portfolio. Agricultural and forestry biomass technology, due to the additional consideration of fuel price uncertainty, experiences a significant decrease in investment proportion when carbon price volatility increases. Lowering the carbon emission baseline weakens project profitability, while increasing carbon prices can substantially enhance portfolio value. Moderate increases in carbon price volatility can enhance portfolio value, but excessive volatility may prompt decision-makers to adopt more conservative strategies, limiting portfolio value growth.

Key words: waste-to-energy, carbon trading mechanism, robust portfolio optimization, real options, technology portfolio

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