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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 22-32.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0928

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基于几乎随机占优准则的中美理性投资者决策差异研究

李舒霏1(), 程冲2, 刘威汉2   

  1. 1.广东金融学院金融数学与统计学院,广东 广州 510521
    2.南方科技大学商学院,广东 深圳 518071
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-06 修回日期:2025-03-09 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 李舒霏 E-mail:hy1402@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重大项目(72394391)

The Study of Decision-Making Differences between Rational Investors in China and the United States Based on the Almost Stochastic Dominance Criterion

Shufei Li1(), Chong Cheng2, Weihan Liu2   

  1. 1.Financial Mathematics & Stochastics School,Guangdong University of Finance,Guangzhou 510521,China
    2.Business School,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518071,China
  • Received:2024-06-06 Revised:2025-03-09 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-06-18
  • Contact: Shufei Li E-mail:hy1402@163.com

摘要:

基于期望效用最大化的几乎随机占优(ASD)准则,本文分析了中美股票与10年期国债市场在不同经济周期和持有期下的表现。研究发现,中国理性投资者更关注资产稳定性,决策受市场变化影响较小,表现出风险规避特征;而美国理性投资者更关注收益,风险偏好相对中性,决策随市场调整。社会政治稳定性、政府信任、文化心理、金融教育与金融科技是导致两国投资者决策差异的关键因素。随着中国市场发展成熟,中美资本市场差异缩小,但中国理性投资者仍不会转变为风险中性,仅在可控范围内适度降低风险规避程度。

关键词: 几乎随机占优, 理性投资者, 资本市场, 决策差异

Abstract:

The decisions of rational investors in China and the United States have a significant influence on global capital flows and macroeconomic stability. However, the increasing prevalence of irrational behaviors among rational investors has prompted a re-examination of whether their decisions remain grounded in expected utility theory. In this context, the decision-making differences between rational investors in China and the United States are examined within the theoretical framework of the Almost Stochastic Dominance (ASD) criterion, which is based on expected utility maximization. The ASD criterion does not rely on specific distributional assumptions or utility function forms, accommodates non-normal return characteristics and heterogeneous risk preferences, and introduces a risk tolerance parameter (ε^n). From the perspective of expected utility maximization, ε^nis used to measure rational investors’ acceptance of uncertainty across different economic cycles and investment horizons. This provides a more robust and widely applicable theoretical foundation for analyzing cross-country differences in investors’ decision-making. An empirical analysis was conducted using return data on stocks and 10-year government bonds in both countries over the period from July 2009 to December 2022. The results indicate that Chinese rational investors pay more attention to asset stability, and their decisions are less affected by market changes, exhibiting strong risk aversion. In contrast, rational investors in the United States focus more on returns, have a relatively neutral risk preference, and adjust their decisions along with the market. Further analysis reveals that social and political stability, trust in government, cultural psychology, financial education, and financial technology are the key factors causing the differences in decision-making between investors in the two countries. As the Chinese market matures and develops, the differences in the capital markets between China and the United States narrow. Nevertheless, Chinese rational investors are still unlikely to shift toward risk neutrality, and they may only moderately reduce their degree of risk aversion within controllable limits. This finding suggests that future research should explore more targeted investment strategies and market guidance mechanisms within a risk-averse decision-making framework.

Key words: almost stochastic dominance, rational investors, capital market, decision differences

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