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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 315-326.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0848cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0848

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考虑风险分摊的云制造服务供需关系韧性评估和提升方法研究

茅建鹏, 陆剑峰(), 宋佳霖, 朱鹏择   

  1. 同济大学CIMS研究中心,上海 201804
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-30 修回日期:2024-09-23 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 陆剑峰 E-mail:lujianfeng@tongji.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72171173)

Research on the Assessment and Enhancement Methods for the Resilience of Supply and Demand Relationships in Cloud Manufacturing Services Considering Risk Sharing

Jianpeng Mao, Jianfeng Lu(), Jialin Song, Pengze Zhu   

  1. CIMS Research Center,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China
  • Received:2024-05-30 Revised:2024-09-23 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-29
  • Contact: Jianfeng Lu E-mail:lujianfeng@tongji.edu.cn

摘要:

由于产业链供应链韧性提升的关键之一在于供需关系的维持,因此,本文利用云制造模式的平台优势,研究供需关系韧性的定量提升方法。首先,根据供需双方是否购买云平台的需求预测服务,将云制造服务交易模式分为独立承担风险模式、一方与云平台合作模式和三方合作模式,并利用Stackelberg博弈分别计算三种交易模式下供需双方的最优定价策略。其次,将市场扰动情形下供需双方的利润和损失率作为供需关系韧性的评估指标,并利用熵权法量化供需关系的韧性水平。本文提出在三方合作模式下结合数量弹性契约和成本分摊契约来应对扰动风险,从而提升供需关系韧性的方法。通过数值仿真,说明市场需求变化对供需双方最优定价和利润的影响,分析不同扰动情形下成本分摊契约的合理性,并比较不同合作模式下的韧性水平。研究结果表明:与云平台合作的企业将具有信息优势并获得更高的利润,但仅供应方与云平台合作可能导致供需匹配的失败;结合契约的三方合作模式在合作联盟中分摊了扰动风险,比固定比例成本分摊方法更加有效地提升供需关系的韧性,且提升后的韧性对市场随机需求具有鲁棒性。本研究为云平台提供了一种评估和提升供需关系韧性的方法,有效维持了不确定环境下的供需关系,为增强产业链供应链的韧性提供了新的方法。

关键词: 云制造, 韧性评估, 韧性提升, 契约协调, 成本分摊

Abstract:

The improvement of supply-demand relationship resilience is crucial to enhancing the resilience of industrial and supply chains. Therefore, the platform advantages of cloud manufacturing are utilized to study the quantitative methods for improving the resilience of supply-demand relationships. First, based on whether the supply and demand parties purchase demand forecasting services from the cloud platform, the cloud manufacturing service transaction model is divided into three modes: independent risk-bearing mode, one-party cooperation with the cloud platform mode, and tripartite cooperation mode. The optimal pricing strategies for both the supply and demand sides under these three transaction modes are then calculated using a Stackelberg game. Second, the profits and loss rates of the supply and demand sides under market disturbances are used as evaluation indicators of the resilience of the supply-demand relationship, and the entropy weight method is employed to quantify the resilience level. A method is proposed to improve the resilience of the supply-demand relationship by combining quantity flexibility contracts and cost-sharing contracts to address disturbance risks in the tripartite cooperation mode. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the impact of market demand changes on the optimal pricing and profits of both parties, analyze the rationality of cost-sharing contracts under different disturbance scenarios, and compare the resilience levels across different cooperation modes. The results show that enterprises cooperating with the cloud platform have an information advantage and achieve higher profits, but cooperation only between the supplier and the cloud platform may lead to supply-demand mismatches. The tripartite cooperation model, which incorporates contracts, effectively shares disturbance risks within the cooperative alliance and enhances the resilience of the supply-demand relationship more efficiently than fixed-ratio cost-sharing methods. The enhanced resilience is robust to random market demand. A method is provided for cloud platforms to evaluate and improve the resilience of supply-demand relationships, effectively maintaining the supply-demand balance in uncertain environments and offering a new approach to enhancing the resilience of industrial and supply chains.

Key words: cloud manufacturing, resilience assessment, resilience enhancement, contract coordination, cost allocation

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