关键词: 充电调度与运行调度, 混合整数规划, 电动公交, 设施使用冲突, 联合优化

Abstract:

With the reduction of non-renewable energy and environmental pollution issues， the electrification of vehicles is urgent， and electric buses have emerged and accounted for 59.1% of China’s total public transportation. Due to limited battery capacity and long charging time， charging scheduling has become one of the key operational management issues for electric buses. The normal operation of public transportation requires reasonable charging scheduling to ensure， which in turn determines the inbound and outbound time and dwelling time of buses， thereby affecting charging scheduling. The collaborative optimization of charging scheduling and operation scheduling can improve the overall operational efficiency of public transportation. When there is in transit charging， the collaborative optimization of the two is more important. In order to avoid charging conflicts and optimize charging plans， the bus inbound and outbound time are adjusted under the constraints of the initial bus inbound and outbound schedule and the maximum adjustable time. A joint optimization model of the electric bus operation schedule and charging plan is established to minimize charging costs while avoiding charging conflicts and ensuring continuous charging. In order to form a comparative analysis， a charging scheduling optimization model is also constructed for electric buses operating according to a fixed timetable. Finally， taking four bus routes in Shenzhen as an example， a numerical analysis is conducted. The results show that compared to charging scheduling under fixed time expression， the joint optimization of operating schedule and charging scheduling can effectively reduce the total charging cost； Meanwhile， as the energy consumption per kilometer increases， the advantages of the joint optimization model become more apparent.

Key words: charging and operation scheduling, mixed integer programming, electric bus, facility usage conflicts, joint optimization