关键词: 海外基地, 跨地域采购, 采购优化, 税收政策, 自适应遗传算法

Abstract:

In the trend of economic globalization， the method of establishing production bases in other overseas countries is increasingly adopted by manufacturing enterprises to participate in international competition. Overseas production bases， as independent subsidiaries of manufacturing enterprises， engage in cross-regional operations， with cross-regional procurement being the primary link in their production and operation. Reasonable selection of suppliers and determination of the quantity of procurement directly affect the operation and efficiency of the enterprise. However， many challenges were confronted with cross-regional procurement， such as various tax policies of different governments， indeterminate supplier factors， etc. Traditional procurement strategies are no longer able to adapt to the ever-changing market environment.Regarding the cross-regional procurement problem of overseas bases for manufacturing enterprises， with the research background of optimizing procurement plans for multiple materials and suppliers within a single procurement cycle， the tax policies of the host country of the overseas base are combined with the supplier management strategy of the manufacturing enterprise， a nonlinear integer programming model to minimize the total comprehensive purchase cost is constructed， which includes five conventional costs： material procurement costs， sea freight costs， raw material inventory costs， raw material processing costs， and customs clearance costs. Quantitative analysis is conducted on tax policies and supplier balance， and the procurement issues of overseas bases for manufacturing enterprises are reasonably described.For this nonlinear integer programming model， a genetic algorithm based on multiple adaptive mechanisms is proposed to solve it. The adaptive mechanism includes a selection strategy that combines various selection methods， an adaptive crossover and mutation strategy based on the fitness value of the population， and an adaptive restart mechanism for elite retention. Numerical experiments have shown that the algorithm can effectively solve the model proposed in this paper， and in the same situation， it can obtain high-quality solutions compared to the comparison algorithm， and simultaneously， as the problem size increases， the algorithm's advantages in solving problems become more prominent. The analysis of variance shows that the robustness of the algorithm is also better than that of the comparative algorithms. Finally， taking the procurement plan of a manufacturing enterprise's Brazilian production base as an example for case analysis， the results show that the optimized procurement plan can better balance the short-term and long-term costs of the enterprise， and has certain theoretical and practical value. It can provide reference and inspiration for manufacturing enterprises to formulate cross-regional procurement plans.

Key words: overseas base, trans-regional procurement, optimize purchasing, tax policy, adaptive genetic algorithm