中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 47-60.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.0476cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.0476
收稿日期:2021-03-10
修回日期:2021-09-03
出版日期:2024-05-25
发布日期:2024-06-06
通讯作者:
凌爱凡
E-mail:aiffling@163.com
基金资助:Received:2021-03-10
Revised:2021-09-03
Online:2024-05-25
Published:2024-06-06
Contact:
Aifan Ling
E-mail:aiffling@163.com
摘要:
论文从公司权益极端尾部风险的角度讨论了近年来中国公司债信用利差持续高位的原因。基于Merton 违约模型,建立了公司权益极端尾部风险与公司债信用利差的理论联系,公司权益极端尾部风险通过杠杆率渠道,对公司信用利差产生正面影响。基于中国A股市场2009-2020年的827只公司债和匹配股票样本数据,论文发现与理论预期一致,权益极端尾部风险越高的公司,其发行公司债的信用利差也越高。进一步实证发现,权益极端尾部风险对信用利差的影响,随着公司信用评级或长期负债占比升高而逐渐减弱,随着市场行情变坏而逐渐变强。机制分析发现,公司杠杆率是权益极端尾部风险对信用利差产生影响的重要渠道,因为权益极端尾部风险上升,会增加公司的负债杠杆率,从而提高公司违约风险和信用利差。论文研究是对中国公司债信用利差持续高位原因的新解释,同时有助于人们理解“信用利差之谜”产生的原因。
中图分类号:
谢林利,凌爱凡. 权益极端尾部风险、杠杆率与公司债信用利差[J]. 中国管理科学, 2024, 32(5): 47-60.
Linli Xie,Aifan Ling. Equity Extreme Tail Risks,Leverage Ratio and Credit Spreads of the Corporate Bonds in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2024, 32(5): 47-60.
表1
权益尾部风险对公司债券信用利差影响的单变量回归"
| 变量 | (I) | (II) | (III) | (IV) | (V) | (VI) | (VII) | (VIII) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.017* (1.88) | 0.018*** (3.44) | 0.005* (1.65) | 0.004* (1.93) | 0.004*** (2.79) | 0.003*** (3.75) | |||
1.338** (1.98) | 0.432*** (3.94) | 0.155*** (2.60) | 0.077** (2.29) | 0.055*** (2.67) | 0.043*** (3.77) | |||
| TVol | 0.006 (0.88) | |||||||
| IdVol | 0.091** (2.38) | |||||||
| FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| YE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| N | 23429 | 23429 | 23429 | 23429 | 23429 | 23429 | 23429 | 23429 |
表2
权益尾部风险对公司债券信用利差影响的多因子回归"
| 变量 | (I) | (II) | (III) | (IV) | (V) | (VI) | (VII) | (VIII) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.017*** | 0.021*** | 0.018*** | 0.018*** | |||||
| (3.25) | (3.83) | (3.43) | (3.40) | |||||
| 0.424*** | 0.452*** | 0.403*** | 0.400*** | |||||
| (3.75) | (4.02) | (3.75) | (3.72) | |||||
| IdVol | 0.084** | 0.138*** | 0.192*** | 0.191*** | 0.077** | 0.128*** | 0.183*** | 0.182*** |
| (2.15) | (3.54) | (5.04) | (5.02) | (1.99) | (3.31) | (4.84) | (4.82) | |
| RET | -0.026*** | -0.014*** | -0.014*** | -0.025*** | -0.013*** | -0.013*** | ||
| (-6.04) | (-3.01) | (-2.97) | (-5.86) | (-2.85) | (-2.81) | |||
| LEV | 0.066*** | 0.065*** | 0.066*** | 0.065*** | ||||
| (5.40) | (5.36) | (5.40) | (5.36) | |||||
| LDR | -0.061*** | -0.062*** | -0.061*** | -0.062*** | ||||
| (-9.93) | (-10.13) | (-9.94) | (-10.14) | |||||
| ROE | -0.002*** | -0.002*** | ||||||
| (-3.89) | (-3.86) | |||||||
| 宏观变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| YE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Adj-R2 | 0.4866 | 0.4884 | 0.5022 | 0.5024 | 0.4869 | 0.4886 | 0.5024 | 0.5026 |
| Obs | 22402 | 22402 | 22402 | 22402 | 22402 | 22402 | 22402 | 22402 |
表3
权益极端尾部风险对债券信用利差的差异性影响"
| 变量 | (I) | (II) | (III) | (IV) | (V) | (VI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.030*** | 0.006 | -0.089*** | ||||
| (3.77) | (0.91) | (-8.53) | ||||
| 0.729*** | 0.198 | -1.367*** | ||||
| (4.03) | (1.45) | (-5.80) | ||||
| -0.022** | -0.599*** | |||||
| (-2.44) | (-2.86) | |||||
| 0.024** | 0.431** | |||||
| (2.24) | (1.99) | |||||
| 0.162*** | 2.847*** | |||||
| (14.34) | (10.46) | |||||
| 控制变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| YE | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Adj-R2 | 0.5029 | 0.5027 | 0.4216 | 0.5032 | 0.5028 | 0.4135 |
| Obs | 22402 | 22402 | 22402 | 22402 | 22402 | 22402 |
表4
杠杆率中介的效应检验"
| 变量 | CS | LEV | CS |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.019*** | 0.021** | 0.017*** | |
| (3.60) | (2.02) | (3.38) | |
| [0.419***] | [0.392*] | [0.393***] | |
| (3.85) | (1.89) | (3.66) | |
| LEV | 0.065*** | ||
| (5.40) | |||
| [0.065***] | |||
| (5.40) | |||
| IdVol | 0.143*** | -0.678*** | 0.188*** |
| (3.78) | (-6.89) | (4.96) | |
| [0.134***] | [-0.689***] | [0.179***] | |
| (3.56) | (-7.10) | (4.76) | |
| 控制变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| YE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Adj- R2 | 0.4978 | 0.9186 | 0.5025 |
| [0.4980] | [0.9186] | [0.5026] | |
| Obs | 22346 | 22346 | 22346 |
表6
不同估计窗口的极端尾部风险对公司债券信用利差的影响"
| 变量 | 5个月 | 7个月 | 9个月 | 10个月 | 5个月 | 7个月 | 9个月 | 10个月 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.017*** | 0.012*** | 0.009** | 0.008** | |||||
| (2.88) | (2.58) | (2.30) | (2.27) | |||||
| 0.378*** | 0.282*** | 0.219*** | 0.214*** | |||||
| (3.18) | (2.93) | (2.71) | (2.80) | |||||
| 控制变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| YE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Adj-R2 | 0.5023 | 0.5022 | 0.5022 | 0.5022 | 0.5024 | 0.5024 | 0.5024 | 0.5024 |
| Obs | 22346 | 22346 | 22346 | 22346 | 22346 | 22346 | 22346 | 22346 |
表7
不同尾部阈值下总波动率替换异质波动率"
| 阈值 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.027* | 0.015** | 0.017*** | |
| (1.67) | (1.97) | (3.24) | |
| [1.468*] | [0.398**] | [0.413***] | |
| (1.87) | (2.31) | (3.84) | |
| TVol | 0.022** | 0.023** | 0.023** |
| (2.41) | (2.44) | (2.50) | |
| [0.022**] | [0.022**] | [0.022**] | |
| (2.42) | (2.43) | (2.48) | |
| 控制变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| YE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Adj- R2 | 0.5008 | 0.5009 | 0.5013 |
| [0.5009] | [0.5010] | [0.5016] | |
| Obs | 22346 | 22346 | 22346 |
表8
不同行业下公司权益极端尾部风险对公司债信用利差的影响"
| 变量 | 金融、房产行业 | 非金融、房产行业 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.026** | 0.027*** | 0.017*** | 0.016*** | |||||
| (2.53) | (2.60) | (2.90) | (2.70) | |||||
| 0.428** | 0.463** | 0.416*** | 0.423** | |||||
| (2.06) | (2.21) | (3.38) | (2.08) | |||||
| TVol | 0.023 | 0.020 | 0.024** | 0.023** | ||||
| (0.85) | (0.73) | (2.45) | (2.44) | |||||
| IdVol | 0.155** | 0.144** | 0.195*** | 0.187** | ||||
| (2.42) | (2.30) | (4.49) | (4.33) | |||||
| 宏观变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FE和YE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Adj-R2 | 0.5690 | 0.5681 | 0.5686 | 0.5678 | 0.4929 | 0.4917 | 0.4931 | 0.4921 |
| Obs | 5844 | 5844 | 5844 | 5844 | 16558 | 16558 | 16558 | 16558 |
表10
公司权益极端尾部风险的工具变量回归"
| 变量 | Panel A: | Panel B: | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 阶段一 | 阶段二 | 阶段一 | 阶段二 | 阶段一 | 阶段二 | 阶段一 | 阶段二 | |
| 0.889*** | 0.808*** | 0.087*** | 0.004*** | |||||
| (35.74) | (28.41) | (7.09) | (6.51) | |||||
| 0.035*** | 0.155* | |||||||
| (3.52) | (1.72) | |||||||
| 0.909*** | 3.096* | |||||||
| (3.50) | (1.73) | |||||||
| 宏观变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| YE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| K-P Wald F值 | 1277.1 | 807.2 | 50.3 | 42.3 | ||||
| Obs | 22144 | 22144 | 22144 | 22144 | 22144 | 22144 | 22144 | 22144 |
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